Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Reversible Watermarking for Protecting Patient’s Data Privacy Using an EPR-Generated QR Code

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision (AICV2020) (AICV 2020)

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 1153))

Abstract

As a result of the modern communication technology and the transmission of medical images from one place to another, watermarking has become urgent to protect copyright, authentication and integrity of medical images and patient’s information. This paper proposes a solution to the authentication and integrity problems by proposing a fragile reversible watermarking scheme. The proposed scheme generates a Quick Response (QR) code from the patient’s data and uses it as a watermark hidden in the medical image. The proposed scheme resulted in an average Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 51.25 dB for a payload of one bit per pixel (1 bpp), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of 0.99 and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.488 indicating that the watermarked images obtained are of high visual quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Abbasi, F., Memon, N.A.: Reversible watermarking for the security of medical image databases. In: IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Memon, N.A., Gilani, S.A.M.: NROI watermarking of medical images for content authentication. In: Proceedings of 12th International IEEE Multi-topic Conference (INMIC 2008), pp. 106–110 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mousavi, S.M., Naghsh, A., Abu-Bakar, S.A.R.: Watermarking techniques used in medical images: a survey. J. Digit. Imaging 27, 714–729 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Coatrieux, G., Montanger, J., Huang, H., Roux, Ch.: Mixed reversible and RONI watermarking for medical image reliability protection. In: 29th IEEE International Conference of EMBS, Lyon (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kuang, L.Q., Zhang, Y., Han, X.: A medical image authentication system based on reversible digital watermarking. In: 2009 1st International Conference, pp. 1047–1050 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bhatnagar, G., Jonathan, W.U.Q.M.: Biometrics inspired watermarking based on a fractional dual tree complex wavelet transform. Future Gen. Comput. Syst. 29, 182–195 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Pan, W., Coatrieux, G., Cuppens-Boulahia, N., Cuppens, F., Roux, C.: Medical image integrity control combining digital signature and lossless watermarking. In: Garcia-Alfaro, J., Navarro-Arribas, G., Cuppens-Boulahia, N., Roudier, Y. (eds.) Data Privacy Management and Autonomous Spontaneous Security, pp. 153–162. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Agrawal, R., Sharma, M.: Patient record data hiding in medical images using M-ary modulation. Res. J. Eng. Sci. 5(9), 5–10 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chang, Y.J., Wang, R.Z., Lin, J.C.: Sharing based fragile watermarking method for authentication and self recovery of image tampering. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Memon, N.A., Keerio, Z.A., Abbasi, F.: Dual watermarking of CT scan medical images for content authentication and copyright protection. In: Shaikh, F.K., et. al. (eds.) IMTIC 2013, Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 14, pp. 173–183. Springer (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Zain, J.M., Clarke, M.: Reversible region of non-interest (RONI) watermarking for authentication of DICOM images. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur. 7(9), 19–28 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wu, N.-I., Hwang, M.-S.: Data hiding current status and key issues. Int. J. Netw. Secur. 4(1), 1–9 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Punidha, R., Sivaram, M.: Integer wavelet transform based approach for high robustness of audio signal transmission. Int. J. Pure Appl. Math. 116(23), 295–303 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ramos, R., Valdez-Salas, B., Zlatev, R., Wiener, M.S., Rull, J.M.B.: The discrete wavelet transform and its application for noise removal in localized corrosion measurements. Hindawi Int. J. Corros. 2017, 1–7 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ahmed, N., Natarajan, T., Rao, K.R.: Discrete cosine transform. IEEE Trans. Comput. C-23(1), 90–93 (1974)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Heylena, K., Dams, T.: An image watermarking tutorial tool using matlab. In: Mathematics of Data/Image Pattern Recognition, Compression, and Encryption with Applications XI, Proceedings of SPIE, pp. 1–12 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mohanty, S.P., Ramakrishnan, K.R.: A dual watermarking technique for images. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Multimedia. ACM Press (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Memon, N.A., Chaudhry, A., Ahmad, M., Keerio, Z.A.: Hybrid watermarking of medical images for ROI authentication and recovery. Int. J. Comput. Math. 88(10), 2057–2071 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jabade, V.S., Gengaje, S.R.: Literature review of wavelet-based digital image watermarking techniques. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 31(1), 28–35 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Memon, N.A., Gilani, S.A.M.: Watermarking of chest CT scan medical images for content authentication. Int. J. Comput. Math. 88(2), 265–280 (2010)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Kaur, M., Kaur, R.: Reversible watermarking of medical images authentication and recovery-a survey. J. Inf. Oper. Manag. 39(1), 241–244 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kaya, V., Elbasi, E.: Robust medical image watermarking using frequency domain and least significant bits algorithms. In: IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jane, O., Elbasi, E.: A new approach in non-blind watermarking method based on DWT and SVD via LU decomposition. Turkish J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci. 22(5), 1354–1366 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gull, S., Loan, N.A., Parah, S.A., Sheikh, J.A., Bhat, G.M.: An efficient watermarking technique for tamper detection and localization of medical images. J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput. (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Shehab, A., Elhoseny, M., Muhammad, K., Sangaiah, A.K., Yang, P., Huang, H., Hou, G.: Secure and robust fragile watermarking scheme for medical images. Digit. Object Identifier 6, 10269–10278 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Li, M., Liang, T., He, Y.: Arnold transform based image scrambling method. In: 2013, 3rd International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT 2013) (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sharma, A., Singh, A.K., Ghrera, S.P.: Robust and secure multiple watermarking for medical images. Wireless Pers. Commun. 92, 1611–1624 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kavitha, K.J., Shan, P.B.: An efficient medical image watermarking technique using integer wavelet transform and quick/fast response codes. Int. J. Intell. Syst. Technol. Appl. 18(3), 271–280 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Singh, R.P., Dwivedi, S.S.: Advanced medical image watermarking technique of hiding patient information for medical image authentication. Int. J. Eng. Tech. Res. (IJETR) 8(5), 22–29 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Singh, C., Ranade, S.K.: Geometrically invariant and high capacity image watermarking scheme using accurate radial transform. Opt. Laser Technol. 54, 176–184 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Hosny, K.M., Darwish, M.M., Li, K., Salah, A.: Parallel multi-core CPU and GPU for fast and robust medical image watermarking. IEEE Access 6, 77212–77225 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhangetal, H.: Affine Legendre moment invariants for image watermarking robust to geometric distortions. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 20(8), 2189–2199 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Tsougenis, E.D., Papakostas, G.A., Koulouriotis, D.E., Tourassis, V.D.: Performance evaluation of moment-based watermarking methods: a review. J. Syst. Softw. 85(8), 1864–1884 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/. Accessed 31 Aug 2019

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Alaa H. ElSaadawy, Ahmed S. ELSayed & M. N. Al-Berry

  2. Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed Roushdy

Authors
  1. Alaa H. ElSaadawy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmed S. ELSayed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. N. Al-Berry
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohamed Roushdy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alaa H. ElSaadawy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Information Technology Department, Cairo University, Faculty of Computers and Information, Giza, Egypt

    Aboul-Ella Hassanien

  2. Faculty of Computers and Information, Benha University, Banha, Egypt

    Ahmad Taher Azar

  3. Faculty of Computers and Information, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

    Tarek Gaber

  4. Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Guadajalara, Jalisco, Mexico

    Diego Oliva

  5. Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Fahmy M. Tolba

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

ElSaadawy, A.H., ELSayed, A.S., Al-Berry, M.N., Roushdy, M. (2020). Reversible Watermarking for Protecting Patient’s Data Privacy Using an EPR-Generated QR Code. In: Hassanien, AE., Azar, A., Gaber, T., Oliva, D., Tolba, F. (eds) Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision (AICV2020). AICV 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1153. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44289-7_70

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation