Abstract
This chapter considers the roles that school leaders take in establishing a learning climate in ways that support a broad understanding of effectiveness, through the engagement, learning and achievement of students from indigenous or diverse cultural and social backgrounds in Australia and New Zealand. The chapter will commence with an overview of the research and findings associated with the multi-year, multi-country International Successful School Principals Project (ISSPP) with a focus on what was found in Australia and New Zealand. The chapter will then consider two case studies, one from each country, of research about how school leaders support the development of a learning environment in their schools. The first case study, from Australia, will look at the way in which the Principals as Literacy Leaders (PALL) program has supported school leaders to establish interventions that will support improved literacy achievement for their students, in communities across Australia. The second case study, from New Zealand will engage with the experiences of a group of non-Indigenous secondary-school principals as they seek to bring about transformative school reform by engaging more critically with policy, staff and with their Indigenous Māori communities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Formal removal of a student through a stand-down from school for a period of up to 5 school days.
- 2.
Where an enrolment of a student aged under 16 is terminated, with a requirement that the student enrols elsewhere.
- 3.
National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) is the official secondary school qualification in New Zealand.
- 4.
Kaupapa Māori research is done by Māori, with Māori and about Māori
- 5.
The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, signed by Māori tribal leaders and British Government representatives mandated a partnership relationship and established British governance in return for Māori tribal ownership and protection of their land interests and cultural treasures. However, the sovereignty guaranteed to Māori was increasingly ignored, with dire consequences for Māori cultural, social and economic wellbeing, well into the twentieth century.
References
Apple, M. (2013). Knowledge, power, and education. New York, NY: Routledge.
Alton-Lee, A., Robinson, V., Hohepa, M., & Lloyd, C. (2009). Creating educationally powerful connections with family, whānau, and communities. In V. Robinson, M. Hohepa, & C. Lloyd (Eds.), School leadership and student outcomes: Identifying what works and why (pp. 142–170). Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education.
Auditor-General. (2012). Education for Māori: Context for our proposed audit work until 2017. Wellington, New Zealand: Office of the Auditor-General.
Auditor-General. (2013). Education for Māori: Implementing Ka Hikitia – Managing for success. Wellington, New Zealand: Parliamentary paper.
Australian Primary Principals Association (APPA). (2013). Principals as literacy leaders (project extension no 1) final report. Kingston, ACT, Australia: APPA.
Barth, R. S. (1999). The teacher leader. Providence, RI: Rhode Island Foundation.
Bassett, G. W., Crane, A. R., & Walker, W. G. (1967). Headmasters for better schools (2nd ed.). St Lucia, Australia: University of Queensland Press.
Beare, H., Caldwell, B. J., & Millikan, R. H. (1989). Creating an excellent school. London, UK: Routledge.
Belchetz, D., & Leithwood, K. (2007). Does context matter and if so, how? In K. Leithwood & C. Day (Eds.), Successful school leadership in times of change (pp. 117–138). Toronto, Canada: Springer.
Berryman, M., & Eley, E. (2017). Succeeding as Māori: Māori students’ views on our stepping up to the Ka Hikitia challenge. New Zealand Journal of Education Studies, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-017-0076-1
Berryman, M., Eley, E., Ford, T., & Egan, M. (2016). Going beyond the personal will and professional skills to give life to Ka Hikitia. Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy and Practice, 30(2), 56–68.
Berryman, M., Nevin, A., SooHoo, S., & Ford, T. (2015). A culturally responsive framework for social justice. In K. Esposito & A. Normore (Eds.), Inclusive practices for special populations in urban settings: The moral imperative for social justice leadership (pp. 143–164). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishers (IAP).
Bishop, R., Berryman, M., & Wearmouth, J. (2014). Te Kotahitanga: Towards effective education reform for indigenous and other minoritised students. Wellington, New Zealand: NZCER Press.
Creemers, B. P. M., & Kyriakides, L. (2012). Improving quality in education: Dynamic approaches to school improvement. London, UK: Routledge.
Day, C. (2005). Sustaining success in challenging contexts: Leadership in English schools. In K. Leithwood & C. Day (Eds.), Successful school leadership in times of change (pp. 59–70). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer-Kluwer.
Day, C., Harris, A., Hadfield, M., Tolley, H., & Beresford, J. (2000). Leading schools in times of change. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Day, C., Sammons, P., Hopkins, D., Harris, A., Leithwood, K., Gu, Q., & Brown, E. (2010). 10 strong claims about successful school leadership. Nottingham, UK: National College for Leadership of Schools and Children’s Services.
Dempster, N., Konza, D., Robson, G., Gaffney, M., Lock, G., & McKennariey, K. (2012). Principals as literacy leaders: Confident, credible and connected. Kingston, Autralia: Australian Primary Principals Association.
Dempster, N., Johnson, G., & Stevens, E. (2014). The Principals as Literacy Leaders (PALL) project: (PALL: Tasmania): Final report, October 2014. Unpublished report, Brisbane, Queensland: Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University.
Dempster, N., Townsend, T., Johnson, G., Bayetto, A., Lovett, S., & Stevens, E. (2017). Leadership and literacy: Principals, partnerships and pathways to improvement. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 209pp. (available in 113 libraries worldwide as of august 2017 – worldcat.org)
Dinham, S. (2007). The secondary head of department and the achievement of exceptional student outcomes. Journal of Educational Administration, 45(1), 62–79.
Drysdale, L. (2011). Special Issue. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 10(4).
Drysdale, L., Goode, H., & Gurr, D. (2009). An Australian model of successful school leadership: Moving from success to sustainability. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(6), 697–708.
Drysdale, L., Goode, H., & Gurr, D. (2011). Sustaining school and leadership success in two Australian schools. In L. Moos, O. Johansson, & C. Day (Eds.), How school principals sustain success over time: International perspectives (pp. 25–38). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer-Kluwer.
Drysdale, L., & Gurr, D. (2011). The theory and practice of successful school leadership in Australia. School Leadership and Management, 31(4), 355–368.
Duignan, P., & Gurr, D. (Eds.). (2007). Leading Australia’s schools. Sydney, Australia: ACEL and DEST.
Duignan, P., Marshall, A. R., Harrold, R. I., Phillipps, D. M., Thomas, E. B., & Lane, T. J. (1985). The Australian school principal: A summary report. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth Schools Commission.
Edmonds, R. (1978). A discussion of the literature and issues related to effective schooling. A paper presented to National Conference on Urban Education, CEMREL, St Louis, USA.
Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37(1), 15–27.
Enomoto, E. (1997). Schools as nested communities: Sergiovanni’s metaphor extended. Urban Education, 32(4), 512–531.
Freire, P. (1972). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Continuum.
Fullan, M. (2003). The moral imperative of school leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Fullan, M. (2007). The new meaning of educational change (4th ed.). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Goode, H. (2017). A study of successful principal leadership: Moving from success to sustainability. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, The University of Melbourne.
Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed properties: A new architecture for leadership. Educational Management and Administration, 28, 317–338.
Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. Leadership Quarterly, 13, 423–451.
Gurr, D. (2007). We can be the best. In P. Duignan & D. Gurr (Eds.), Leading Australia’s schools (pp. 124–131). Sydney, Australia: ACEL and DEST.
Gurr, D. (2009). Successful school leadership in Australia. In N. Cranston & L. Erlich (Eds.), Australian educational leadership today: Issues and trends (pp. 369–394). Brisbane, Australia: Australian Academic Press.
Gurr, D. (2014). Successful school leadership across contexts and cultures. Leading and Managing, 20(2), 75–88.
Gurr, D. (2015). A model of successful school leadership from the international successful school Principalship project. Societies, 5(1), 136–150.
Gurr, D., & Drysdale, L. (2007). Models of successful school leadership: Victorian case studies. In K. Leithwood & C. Day (Eds.), Successful school leadership in times of change (pp. 39–58). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer-Kluwer.
Gurr, D., & Drysdale, L. (2016). Successful and effective school leadership: Insights from Australasia. In P. Pashiardis & O. Johansson (Eds.), Successful school leadership: International perspectives (pp. 139–154). London, UK: Bloomsbury.
Gurr, D., & Drysdale, L. (2013). Middle-level school leaders: Potential, constraints and implications for leadership preparation. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(1), 55–71.
Gurr, D., Drysdale, L., Clarke, S., & Wildy, H. (2014). High needs schools in Australia. Management in Education, 28(3), 86–90.
Gurr, D., Drysdale, L., Di Natale, E., Ford, P., Hardy, R., & Swann, R. (2003). Successful school leadership in Victoria: Three case studies. Leading and Managing, 9(1), 18–37.
Gurr, D., Drysdale, L., Longmuir, F., & McCrohan, K. (2018a – In press). Successful school leadership that is culturally sensitive but not context constrained, in E. Murakami, D. Gurr, & R. Notman (Eds), Leadership, culture and school success in high-need schools. Washington, DC: Information Age Publishing, pages to be confirmed on publication.
Gurr, D., Drysdale, L., Longmuir, F., & McCrohan, K. (2018b – In press). Leading the improvement of schools in challenging circumstances, International Studies in Educational Administration, 46(1), pages to be confirmed on publication
Gurr, D., Drysdale, L., & Mulford, B. (2005). Successful principal leadership: Australian case studies. Journal of Educational Administration, 43(6), 539–551.
Gurr, D., Drysdale, L., & Mulford, B. (2006). Models of successful principal leadership. School Leadership and Management, 26(4), 371–395.
Hallinger, P. (2018). Bringing context out of the shadow. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(1), 5–24.
Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H. (2010). Leadership for learning: Does collaborative leadership make a difference in school improvement? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 38, 654–678.
Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. The Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217–248.
Hopkins, D. (2010). Realising the Potential of System Leadership Studies in Educational Leadership, 10, 211–224.
Hopkins, D., Harris, A., & Jackson, D. (2010). Understanding the School’s capacity for development: Growth states and strategies. School Leadership & Management, 17(3), 401–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632439769944
Hord, S. (1997). Professional learning communities: Communities of continuous inquiry and improvement. Austin, TX: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory.
Johnson, G., Dempster, N., McKenzie, L., Klieve, H., Fluckiger, B., Lovett, S., … Webster, A. (2014). Principals as literacy leaders with indigenous communities: Leadership for learning to read – ‘Both ways’. Canberra, Australia: The Australian Primary Principals Association.
Lambert, L. (2002). A framework for shared leadership. Educational Leadership, 59(8), 37–40.
Leithwood, K., & Janzti, D. (2000). The effects of transformational leadership on organisational conditions and student engagement with school. Journal of Educational Administration, 38(2), 112–129.
Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2006). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership. Nottingham, UK: National College of School Leadership.
Little, J. W. (1990). The persistence of privacy: Autonomy and initiative in teachers’ professional relations. Teachers College Record, 91, 509–536.
Longmuir, F. (2017). Principal leadership in high-advantage, improving Victorian secondary schools. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, The University of Melbourne.
MacBeath, J. (2010). Leadership for learning: Concepts, principles and practices. Leadership for Learning, the Cambridge Network. Retrieved from http://oer.educ.cam.ac.uk/w/images/9/98/LfL-Concepts_Principles_Practices_cc_1.pdf
MacBeath, J., Frost, D., & Swaffield, S. (2008). Editorial. School Leadership & Management, 28(4), 301–306.
MacBeath, J., & Dempster, N. (2009). Connecting leadership and learning: Principles for practice. London, UK: Routledge.
MacBeath, J., & Townsend, T. (2011). Thinking and acting both locally and globally: What do we know now and how do we continue to improve? In T. Townsend & J. MacBeath (Eds.), The international handbook of leadership for learning (pp. 1241–1259). New York, NY: Springer.
Maran, J., & Pascual, J. (2018). Comparative study of school principals’ leadership practices: Lessons for Chile from a cross-country analysis. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 46(2), 279–300.
Marzano, R. J., Waters, J. T., & McNulty, B. A. (2005). School leadership that works: From research to results. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
May, S., Cowles, S., Lamy, M., & Research Division, Ministry of Education. (2013). PISA 2012: New Zealand summary report. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education.
Ministry of Education. (2008). Ka Hikitia-managing for success: The Māori education strategy 2008–2010. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education.
Ministry of Education. (2013a). Ka Hikitia – Accelerating success 2013–2017. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education.
Ministry of Education. (2013b). Registration of interest 397–5609, professional development to generate equity and accelerate the achievement of Māori learners in secondary education (working title: Building on success). Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education.
Ministry of Education. (2018a). Education Counts. Retrieved April 14, 2018, from Highest Attainment Numbers: http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/statistics/indicators/main/student-engagement-participation/Stand-downs-suspensions-exclusions-expulsions
Ministry of Education. (2018b). Education Counts. Retrieved April 14, 2018, from Highest Attainment Numbers: http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/statistics/indicators/main/student-engagement-participation/1955
Ministry of Education. (2018c). School Leaver Attainment. Retrieved April 16, 2018, from Education Counts: http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/statistics/schooling/senior-student-attainment/school-leavers2/ncea-level-2-or-above-numbers
Mitra, D. (2007). Student voice in school reform: From listening to leadership. In D. Thiessen & A. Cook-Sather (Eds.), International handbook of student experience in elementary and secondary school (pp. 727–744). New York, NY: Springer.
Moll, L., Amanti, C., Neff, D., & Gonzalez, N. (1992). Funds of knowledge for teaching: Using a qualitative approach to connect homes and classrooms. Theory Into Practice, 31(2), 132–141.
Møller, J. (2002): Democratic Leadership in an Age of Managerial Accountability. Improving Schools, 5(1).
Mortimore, P., Sammons, P., Stoll, L., Lewis, D., & Ecob, R. (1988). School matters. Somerset, UK: Open Books.
Mulford, B., & Johns, S. (2004). Successful school principalship. Leading and Managing, 10(1), 45–76.
Murphy, J., Elliott, S., Goldring, E., & Porter, A. (2007). Leadership for learning: A research-based model and taxonomy of behaviors. School Leadership & Management, 27(2), 179–201.
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). (2000). National reading panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction.https://www1.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubs/nrp/Pages/smallbook.aspx
Newman, F. M., Marks, H. M., & Camoran, A. (1996). Authentic pedagogy and student performance. American Journal of Education, 104, 280–312. https://doi.org/10.1086/444136
Notman, R. (Ed.). (2011a). Successful educational leadership in New Zealand: Case studies of schools and an early childhood centre. Wellington, New Zealand: NZCER Press.
Notman, R. (2011b). Building leadership success in a New Zealand context. In R. Notman (Ed.), Successful educational leadership in New Zealand: Case studies of schools and an early childhood centre (pp. 135–152). Wellington, New Zealand: NZCER Press.
Notman, R. (2012). Intrapersonal factors in New Zealand school leadership success. International Journal of Educational Management, 26(5), 470–479.
Notman, R. (2014). A values-led principalship: The person within the professional. In C. Day & D. Gurr (Eds.), Leading schools successfully: Stories from the field (pp. 117–128). London, UK: Routledge.
Notman, R., & Henry, A. (2009). The human face of principalship: A synthesis of case study findings. Journal of Educational Leadership. Policy and Practice, 24(1), 37–52.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2004). Learning for tomorrow’s world: PISA results for 2003. Retrieved January 13, 2016, from http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/programmeforinternationalstudentassessmentpisa/34002216.pdf
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2007). PISA 2006 results: Science competencies for tomorrow’s world. Retrieved January 13, 2016, from http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/programmeforinternationalstudentassessmentpisa/pisa2006results.htm
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2010). PISA 2009 results: What students know and can do in reading, mathematics and science. Retrieved January 13, 2016, from http://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/pisa2009keyfindings.htm
Quantz, R., Rogers, J., & Dantley, M. (1991). Rethinking transformative leadership: Toward democratic reform of schools. Journal of Education, 173(3), 96–118.
Reynolds, D. (1982). The search for school effectiveness. School Organisation, 2(3), 215–237.
Robinson, V., Lloyd, C., & Rowe, K. (2008). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: an analysis of the differential effects of leadership types. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(5), 564–588.
Robinson, R., Hohepa, M., & Lloyd, C. (2009). School leadership and student outcomes: Identifying what works and why. Best evidence synthesis iteration [BES]. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved from http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/series/2515/60169/60170
Rose, J. (2006). Independent review of the teaching of early reading: Final report. Retrieved from http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/rosereview
Routman, R. (2014). Read, write, lead: Breakthrough strategies for schoolwide literacy success. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD).
Rowe, K. (2005). Teaching reading: Report and recommendations of the National Inquiry into the teaching of literacy. Canberra, Australia: Department of Education, Science and Technology.
Rutter, M., Maughan, B., Mortimore, P., & Ouston, J. (1979). Fifteen thousand hours: Secondary schools and effects on children. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schwarz, A. & Brauckmann, S. (2015). Between facts and perceptions: The area close to school as a context factor in school leadership, Schumpter Discussion Papers, 2015(3), Schumpter School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, Germany.
Seashore-Louis, K., Leithwood, K., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Anderson, S. E. (2010). Learning from leadership. Investigating the links to improved student learning. Final report of research to Wallace Foundation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.
Sergiovanni, T. L. (1987). The change process: Management and leadership for school improvement. The principalship: A reflective practice perspective (pp. 276–294).
Sergiovanni, T. J. (1991). The principalship – A reflective practice perspective (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Sergiovanni, T. (1992). Moral leadership: Getting to the heart of school improvement. New York, NY: Jossey Bass.
Shields, C. (2010). Transformative leadership: Working for equity in diverse contexts. Educational Administration Quarterly, 46(4), 558–589.
Silins, H. (1994). The relationship between transformational and transactional leadership and school improvement outcomes. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 5(3), p272–p298.
Sleeter, C. (Ed.). (2011). Professional development for culturally responsive and relationship-based pedagogy (1st ed.). New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing.
Smith, G. H. (2003). Kaupapa Māori theory: Transforming indigenous transformation of education and schooling. Kaupapa Māori Symposium, New Zealand Association for Research in Education/Australian Association for Research in Education Conference, Auckland.
Smith, L. T. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples. London, UK: Zed Books.
Southworth, G. (2005). School leadership and system leadership. The Educational Forum, 69(2), 212–220.
Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2001). Investigating school leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Educational Researcher, 30, 23–28.
Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2004). Towards a theory of leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 36, 3–34.
Starratt, R. (2001). Democratic leadership theory in late modernity: An oxymoron or ironic possibility? In P. Begley & O. Johansson (Eds.), The ethical dimensions of school leadership (pp. 12–31). Boston, MA: Kluwer.
Starratt, R. J. (2004). Ethical leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Teese, R., & Polesel, J. (2003). Undemocratic schooling: Equity and quality in mass secondary education in Australia. Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Press.
Townsend, T. (2016). Leading schools in the 21st century: Careful driving in the fast Lane. In G. Johnson & N. Dempster (Eds.), Leadership in diverse learning contexts (pp. 411–430). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Townsend, T. (2017). Sustainability and impact: A conversation with schools where the Principals as Literacy Leaders (PALL) program and the Reading BIG 6 have been used over three or more years. Victorian Principals Association, North Melbourne
Townsend, T. (2018). Milestone report on 2017 data collection from the Tasmanian principals as literacy leaders (PALL) research (1st year of a three-year study) (unpublished report)
Townsend, T., Dempster, N., Johnson, G., Bayetto, A. & Stevens, E. (2015a). Leadership with a purpose: A report on five case studies of Principals as Literacy Leaders (PALL) schools (Tasmania). Unpublished report. Brisbane, Queensland: Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University.
Townsend, T., Wilkinson, J., & Stevens, E. (2015b). Leadership with a purpose: A report on four case studies of Principals as Literacy Leaders (PALL) schools (Victoria). Unpublished report. Brisbane, Queensland: Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University.
Townsend, T., & MacBeath, J. (2011). The international handbook on leadership for learning. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
Udahemuka, M. (2016). Signal loss: What we know about school performance. Wellington, New Zealand: The New Zealand Initiative.
Waters, J. T., & Marzano, R. J. (2007). School District leadership that works: The effect of superintendent leadership on student achievement. ERS Spectrum, 25(2), 1–12.
Weber, G. (1971). Inner City children can be taught to read: Four successful schools. Washington, DC: Council for Basic Education.
Wei, R. C., Darling-Hammond, L., Andree, A., Richardson, N., & Orphanos, S. (2009). Professional learning in the learning profession: A status report on teacher development in the United States and abroad. National Staff Development Council: Dallas, TX.
Wenner, J. A., & Campbell, T. (2017). The theoretical and empirical basis of teacher leadership a review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 87(1), 134–171.
Williams, Robert L (September 1972). The BITCH-100: A Culture-Specific Test. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Annual Convention. Honolulu, Hawaii.
Wink, J. (2011). Critical pedagogy: Notes from the real world (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Townsend, T., Berryman, M., Gurr, D., Drysdale, L. (2020). Leadership for Learning in Diverse Settings: School Leaders Setting the Agenda in Australia and New Zealand. In: Hall, J., Lindorff, A., Sammons, P. (eds) International Perspectives in Educational Effectiveness Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44810-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44810-3_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-44809-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-44810-3
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)