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Lysophospholipid Signalling and the Tumour Microenvironment

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Tumor Microenvironment

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1270))

Abstract

Homeostasis is the key to survival. This is as true for the tumour cell as it is for the normal host cell. Tumour cells and normal host cells constantly interact with each other, and the balance of these interactions results in the prevailing homeostatic conditions. The interactions between the milieu of signalling molecules and their effects on the host and tumour cells are known as the tumour microenvironment. The predominant balance of effects within the tumour microenvironment will determine if the tumour cells can evade the host’s responses to survive and grow or if the tumour cells will be eradicated. Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are a group of lipid signalling molecules which exert their effects via autocrinic and paracrinic mechanisms. Therefore, LPLs are being explored to determine if they are potentially key signalling molecules within the tumour microenvironment. The effects of LPLs within the tumour microenvironment include modulating cell proliferation, cell survival, cell motility, angiogenesis and the immune system. These are all important activities that affect the balance of host-tumour cell interactions. This chapter expands on these functions and also the role that LPLs could play as a potential treatment target in the future.

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Abbreviations

4PBPA:

4-Pentadecylbenzylphosphonic acid

ATX:

Autotaxin

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase 2

CRP:

C-reactive protein

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

Edg:

Endothelial differentiation gene

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

EGF receptor

G2A:

G2 accumulation

GBM:

Glioblastoma

GPCR:

G-protein-coupled receptor

hESC:

Human embryonic stem cell

HIF1α:

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha

HRE:

Hypoxia-responsive elements

IL:

Interleukin

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

LPAR:

LPA receptor

LPC:

Lysophosphatidylcholine

LPL:

Lysophospholipids

LT:

Leukotriene

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MEK:

MAPK/ERK kinase

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MMP:

Matrix metalloprotease

MT1:

Membrane type 1

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NHERF2:

Sodium-hydrogen exchange regulatory factor 2

OGR1:

Ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor

OS:

Overall survival

PAF:

Platelet-activating factor

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PFS:

Progression-free survival

PG:

Prostaglandin

PI3K:

Phosphoinositol-3-kinase

S1P:

Sphingosine 1-phosphate

S1PR:

S1P receptor

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

SPC:

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine

SphK:

Sphingosine kinase

SPNS2:

S1P transporter spinster homologue 2

TDAG8:

T-cell death-associated gene 8

TRIP6:

Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VEGFR:

VEGF receptor

YAP:

Yes-associated protein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, Hospital Boulevard, Southport, QLD, Australia

    Wayne Ng

  2. School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parkwood, QLD, Australia

    Wayne Ng

  3. Centre for Medical Research, Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Andrew Morokoff

  4. Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital Campus, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Andrew Morokoff

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  1. Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Alexander Birbrair

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Ng, W., Morokoff, A. (2021). Lysophospholipid Signalling and the Tumour Microenvironment. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Tumor Microenvironment. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1270. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_8

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