Abstract
In this chapter, I will present the results of an investigation that I conducted in August and September 2018 with experts inside and outside the eThekwini municipality who were involved in it’s green and ecological infrastructure policy landscape. Although a green infrastructure plays an important role in the municipality’s urban and peri-urban environment, an ecological infrastructure has a more prominent place beyond its political boundaries. The uMngeni River, which supplies the bulk of Durban’s water, originates in the rural areas of eThekwini’s municipal neighbours, particularly the uMgungundlovu District Municipality and, to a certain extent, the uThukela District Municipality. This river, as well as others, supply not only valuable goods and services, but they can also cause hardship. It is within this context, as well as that of long-term anthropogenic climate change, that eThekwini frames its green and ecological infrastructure policies. It is my conclusion that positivism dominates the thinking and practice of municipal officials and members of the epistemic community that collaborate with the municipality. A theory that stands out is liberal institutionalism. What is also noticeable is that the municipality’s Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department consists of numerous experts who focus on climate change adaptation as the foundation that underpins the theory. It would appear, therefore, that an epistocracy is operating within the municipality and driving its climate adaptation strategy, by using green and ecological infrastructure initiatives.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams P (2006) Exploring social constructivism: theories and practicalities. Education 34(3):243–257
Adler E (1997) Seizing the middle ground: constructivism in world politics. Eur J Int Relat 3(3):319–363
Adler E, Pouliot V (2011) International practices. Int Theor 3(1):1–36
African Conservation Trust (ACT) (2020) How it all began… African Conservation Trust, Durban. Accessed at: https://projectafrica.com/overview/. Accessed on: 30 Mar 2020
African Snakebite Institute (2019) Black Mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis). Available at: https://www.africansnakebiteinstitute.com/snake/black-mamba/. Accessed on: 10 Apr 2019
Albrecht TR, Crootof A, Scott CA (2018) The water-energy-food nexus: a systematic review of methods for nexus assessment. Environ Res Lett 13:1–26
Anguelovski I, Roberts D, Carmin J, Agyeman J (2011) Spatial justice and climate change: multiscale impacts and local development in Durban, South Africa. In: Carmin J, Agyeman I (eds) Environmental inequalities beyond borders: local perspectives on global injustices. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Anscombe E, Geach P (eds) (1954) Descartes: philosophical writings. Nelson and Sons, Edinburgh
Archer D, Almansi F, DiGregorio M, Roberts D, Sharma D, Syam D (2014) Moving towards inclusive urban adaptation: approaches to integrating community-based adaptation to climate change at city and national scale. Clim Dev 6(4):345–356
Atisa G (2020) Policy adoption, legislative developments, and implementation: the resulting global differences among countries in the management of biological resources. In: International environmental agreements: politics, law and economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-020-09467-7
Bacon F (1620) The Novum Organon. In: Kitchen GW (ed) 1855. The Novum Organon. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Bai X, Dawson RJ, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Delgado GC, Barau AS, Dhakal S, Dodman D, Leonardsen L, Masson-Delmotte V, Roberts DC, Schultz S (2018a) Six research priorities for cities and climate change. Nature 555:23–25
Bai X, Elmqvist T, Frantzeskaki N, McPhearson T, Simon D, Maddox D, Watkins M, Romero-Lankao P, Parnell S, Griffith C, Roberts D (2018b) New integrated urban knowledge for the cities we want. In: Elmqvist T, Bai X, Frantzeskaki N, Griffith C, Maddox D, McPhearson T, Parnell S, Romero-Lankao P, Simon D, Watkins M (eds) Urban planet: knowledge towards sustainable cities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Balza M, Radojicic D (2004) Corporate social responsibility and non-governmental organizations. Unpublished Master’s thesis in Economics. Linköping University, Linköping
Beall J, Mkhize S, Vawda S (2004) Traditional authority, institutional municipality and political transition in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Working Paper No. 48. Development Research Centre, London
Beck U (1995) Ecological politics in an age of risk. Polity Press, Cambridge
Beck U (1996) World risk society as cosmopolitan society? Ecological questions in a framework of manufactured uncertainties. Theor Cult Soc 13(4):1–32
Beck U (2009) Critical theory of world risk society: a cosmopolitan vision. Constellations 16(1):3–22
Beck U (2015) Emancipatory catastrophism: what does it mean to climate change and risk society? Curr Sociol 63(1):75–88
Beck U, Ritter M (1992) Risk society: towards a new modernity. Sage, Newbury Park, CA
Benedict MA, McMahon ET (2002) Green infrastructure: smart conservation for the 21st century. Sprawl Watch Clearinghouse, Washington D.C.
Bilderbeek SL, Gupta J, Ros-Tonen M (2016) Biodiversity conservation. SDG Policy Brief #2. Centre for Sustainable Development Studies, Amsterdam
Björkman M (1987) Time and risk in the cognitive space. In: Sjörberg L (ed) Risk and society. Studies of risk generation and reactions to risk. Allen and Unwin, London
Blowers A (1997) Environmental policy: ecological modernisation or the risk society? Urban Stud 34(5–6):845–871
Boehm A (2002) Corporate social responsibility: a complementary perspective of community and corporate leaders. Bus Soc Rev 107(2):171–194
Bohman J, Richardson H (2009) Liberalism, deliberative democracy, and “reasons that all can accept”. J Polit Philos 17(3):253–274
Boon R, Cockburn J, Douwes E, Govender N, Ground L, Mclean C, Roberts D, Rouget M, Slotow R (2016) Managing a threatened savanna ecosystem (KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld) in an urban biodiversity hotspot: Durban, South Africa. Bothalia-Afr Biodivers Conserv 46(2):1–12
Brand P (1999) The environment and postmodern spatial consciousness: a sociology of urban environmental agendas. J Environ Plan Manage 42(5):631–648
Brennan J (2018) Does the demographic objection to epistocracy succeed? Res Republica 24:53–71
Brennan J (2019) Giving epistocracy a fair hearing. Inquiry 1–15
Brown C (2013) The poverty of grand theory. Eur J Int Relat 19(3):483–497
Brown JS, Collins A, Duguid P (1989) Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educ Res 18(1):32–42
Bueger C, Gadinger F (2015) The play of international practice. Int Stud Quart 59(3):449–460
Bulkeley H (2001) Governing climate change: the politics of risk society? Trans Inst Br Geogr 26(4):430–447
Callicot JH (1998) Structural functionalism as a heuristic device. Anthropol Educ Q 29(1):103–111
Carmin J, Anguelovski I, Roberts D (2012) Urban climate adaptation in the global south: planning in an emerging policy domain. J Plan Educ Res 32(1):18–32
Carpenter CR (2003) Stirring gender into the mainstream: constructivism, feminism and the uses of IR theory. Int Stud Rev 5(2):297–302
Cartwright A, Blignaut J, de Wit M, Goldberg K, Mander M, O’Donoghue S, Roberts D (2013) Economics of climate change adaptation at the local scale under conditions of uncertainty and resource constraints: the case of Durban, South Africa. Environ Urbanization 25(1):139–156
Chakrabarty D (2009) The climate of history: four these. Crit Inq 35(2):197–222
Chen AH, Warren J (2011) Sustainable growth for China: when capital markets and green infrastructure combine. Chin Econ 44(5):86–103
Chouliaraki L, Fairclough N (1990) Discourse in late modernity: rethinking critical discourse analysis. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh
Chu E, Anguelovski I, Roberts D (2017) Climate adaptation as strategic urbanism: assessing opportunities and uncertainties for equity and inclusive development in cities. Cities 60:378–387
C40 (2020) About C40. C40 Group, New York. Accessed at: https://www.c40.org/about. Accessed on: 30 Mar 2020
Cockburn J, Rouget M, Slotow R, Roberts D, Boon R, Douwes E, O’Donoghue S, Downs CT, Mukherjee S, Musakwa W, Mutanga O (2016) How to build science-action partnerships for local land-use planning and management: lessons from Durban, South Africa. Ecol Soc 21(1)
Cohen MJ (1997) Risk society and ecological modernisation. Futures 29(2):105–119
Corbella S, Stretch DD (2012) Coastal defences on the KwaZulu-Natal coast of South Africa: a review with particular reference to geotextiles. J S Afr Inst Civ Eng 54(2):55–64
Coryn CLS, Noakes LA, Westine CD, Schröter DC (2011) A systematic review of theory-driven evaluation practice from 1990 to 2009. Am J Eval 32(2):199–226
Costanza R, McGlade J, de Bonvoisin S, Farley J, Giovannini E, Kibizewski I, Lappe FM, Lovins H, Pickett K, Norris G, Prugh T (2013) The future we really want. Solutions 4:37–43
Costanza R, Kubiszewski I, Giovannini E, Lovins H, McGlade J, Pickett KE, Ragnarsdóttir KV, Roberts D, de Vogli R, Wilkinson R (2014) Development: time to leave GDP behind. Nat News 505(7483):283
Cox RW (1996) Social forces, states and world orders. In: Cox RW, Sinclair TJ (eds) Approaches to world order. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Danaher J (2016) The threat of algocracy: reality, resistance and accommodation. Philos Technol 29(3):245–268
Daniell KA, White I, Ferrand N, Ribarova IS, Coad P, Rougier JE, Hare M, Jones NA, Popova A, Rollin D, Perez P (2010) Co-engineering participatory water management processes: theory and insights from Australian and Bulgarian interventions. Ecol Soc 15(4)
Davids R, Rouget M, Boon R, Roberts D (2016) Identifying ecosystem service hotspots for environmental management in Durban, South Africa. Bothalia-Afr Biodivers Conserv 46(2):1–18
Davids R, Rouget M, Boon R, Roberts D (2018) Spatial analyses of threats to ecosystem service hotspots in Greater Durban, South Africa. Peer J 6:e5723
Davies B (1990) Agency as a form of discursive practice: a classroom scene observed. Br J Sociol Educ 11(3):341–361
Denzin NK, Lincoln YS (2018) Introduction: the discipline and practice of qualitative research. In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS (eds) The SAGE handbook of qualitative research, 5th edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) (2020) About us. Development Bank of Southern Africa, Midrand. Accessed at: https://www.dbsa.org/EN/About-Us/Pages/About-Us.aspx. Accessed on: 30 Mar 2020
Devetak R, Walter R (2016) The critical theorist’s labour: empirical or philosophical historiography for international relations? Globalization 13(5):520–531
Diederichs N, Roberts D (2016) Climate protection in mega-event greening: the 2010 FIFA™ World Cup and COP17/CMP7 experiences in Durban, South Africa. Clim Dev 8(4):376–380
Dixon-Woods M, Bosk CL, Aveling EL, Goeschel CA, Pronovost PJ et al (2011) Explaining Michigan: developing an ex post theory of a quality improvement theory. Milbank Q 89(2):167–205
Doherty N, Coombs C, Loan-Clarke J (2006) A re-conceptualization of the interpretive flexibility of information technologies: redressing the balance between the social and the technical. Eur J Inf Syst 15(6):569–582
Douwes J (2018) Exploring transformation in local government in a time of environmental change and thresholds: a case study of eThekwini Municipality. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban
Douwes E, Crouch N, Edwards T, Mulholland (2008) Regression analyses of southern African ethnomedicinal plants: informing the targeted selection of bioprospecting and pharmacological screening subjects. J Ethnopharmacol 119(3):356–364
Douwes E, Diederichs-Mander N, Mavundla K, Roberts D (2015) Buffelsdraai landfill site community restoration project: leading the way in community-based adaptation to climate change. eThekwini Municipality, Durban
Douwes E, Buthelezi N, Taylor C (2017) Growing responsibility with growth. Thola 19:64–68
Douwes J, Mullins G, Nkosi S, Roberts D, Ralfe K, Wilkinson R, Dlamini Z, Mungwe O, Macfarlane D (2018) Innovative responses to biodiversity offsets in Durban. In: IAIA18 conference proceedings, environmental justice in societies ibn transition, 38th annual conference of the international association for impact assessment, 16–19 May 2018, Durban, South Africa
Dray J, McGill A, Muller G, Muller K, Skinner D (2006) eThekwini municipality economic review 2006/2007. eThekwini Municipality, Economic Development Department, Durban
Du Plessis A (2000) Charting the course of the water discourse through the fog of international relations theory. In: Solomon H, Turton A (eds) Water wars: enduring myth or impending reality, Africa dialogue series, vol 2. ACCORD/Green Cross International and the African Water Issues Research Unit, Durham/Pretoria
Dunn AD (2010) Siting green infrastructure: legal and policy solutions to alleviate urban poverty and promote healthy communities. Environ Aff Law Rev 37:41–66
Durban Adaptation Charter (DAC) Secretariat (2011) Durban adaptation charter for local governments as adopted on the 4th December 2011 of the occasion of the “Durban Local Government Convention: adapting to a changing climate”—towards COP17/CMP7 and beyond. Durban Adaptation Charter Secretariat, Durban
Durban Adaptation Charter (DAC) Secretariat (2020) Introduction to the hub and compact approach. Durban Adaptation Charter Secretariat, Durban. Accessed at: http://www.durbanadaptationcharter.org/hub-and-compact-approach. Accessed on: 31 Mar 2020
Duvall R, Varadarajan L (2003) On the practical significance of critical international relations theory. Asian J Polit Sci 11(2):75–88
Duzi-Umngeni Conservation Trust (DUCT) (2020) Our vision. Duzi-Umngeni Conservation Trust, Pietermaritzburg. Accessed at: https://www.duct.org.za/. Accessed on: 31 Mar 2020
Eder K (2000) Taming risks through dialogues: the rationality and functionality of discursive institutions in risk society. In: Cohen MJ (ed) Risk in the modern age: social theory, science and environmental decision-making. Palgrave Macmillan, London
Eisner EW (2017) The enlightened eye: qualitative inquiry and the enhancement of educational practice. Teachers College Press, New York
Eriksson J (2014) On the policy relevance of grand theory. Int Stud Perspect 15:94–108
Estlund D (2003) Why not epistocracy? In: Reshotko N (ed) Desire, identity and existence: essays in honour of T.M. Penner. Academic Printing and Publishing, Canada
eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality (2020a) Climate protection branch. eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, Durban. Accessed at: http://www.durban.gov.za/City_Services/development_planning_management/environmental_planning_climate_protection/About_Us/Pages/Climate-Protection.aspx. Accessed on: 20 Feb 2020
eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality (2020b) Working for ecosystems. eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, Durban. Accessed at: http://www.durban.gov.za/City_Services/development_planning_management/environmental_planning_climate_protection/Projects/Pages/Working-for-Ecosystems.aspx. Accessed on: 30 Mar 2020
eThekwini Municipality (2007) Sustainability best practice portfolio. Special Edition: Water 2007/08. eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality Environmental Management Department. Development Planning Environment, Management Unit, Durban
Evans N (2019) Durban snake catcher captures 11 snakes in one week. Highway Mail, 13 Feb. https://highwaymail.co.za/312005/durban-snake-catcher-captures-11-snakes-one-week/
Feldman MS, Orlikowski WJ (2011) Theorizing practice and practicing theory. Organ Sci 22(5):1240–1253
Finnemore M, Sikkink K (2001) Taking stock: the constructivist research program in international relations and comparative politics. Annu Rev Polit Sci 4(1):391–416
Fitch HG (1976) Achieving corporate social responsibility. Acad Manag Rev 1(1):38–46
Friedman VJ (2001) Designed blindness: an action science perspective on program theory evaluation. Am J Eval 22(2):181–182
Friend RM, Anwar NH, Dixit A, Hutanuwatr K, Jayaraman T, McGregor JA, Menon MR, Moench M, Pelling M, Roberts D (2016) Re-imagining inclusive urban futures for transformation. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 20:67–72
Funke N, Meissner R (2011) Acid mine drainage and governance in South Africa: an introduction. Pretoria: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (Publication number: CSIR/NRE/WR/IR/2011/0031/A)
Gerring J (2010) Causal mechanisms: yes, but… Comp Polit Stud 43(11):1499–1526
Ghosh R, Kansal A (2019) Anthropology of changing paradigms of urban water systems. Water Hist 11(1–2):59–73
Giddens A (1984) The constitution of society. Polity Press, Cambridge
Grafakos S, Pacteau C, Wilk D, Driscoll PA, O’Donoghue S, Roberts D, Landauer M (2018) Mitigation and adaptation: barriers, bridges, and co-benefits. In: Rosenzweig C, Solecki WD, Romero-Lankao P, Mehrotra S, Dhakal S, Ali Ibrahim S (eds) Climate change and cities: second assessment report of the urban climate change research network. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316563878
Grant JA (2018) Agential constructivism and change in the world. Int Stud Rev 20(2):255-263
Green Corridors (2020) Our journey: our foundation in the uMngeni valley, our aspirations transcending boundaries. Green Corridors, Durban. Accessed at: https://durbangreencorridor.co.za/our-journey. Accessed on: 31 Mar 2020
Guba EG, Lincoln YS (2005) Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS (eds) The SAGE handbook of qualitative research, 3rd edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Guzzini S (2000) A reconstruction of constructivism in international relations. Eur J Int Relat 6(2):147–182
Gyawali D (2020) Can nexus avoid the fate of IWRM? Water Alternatives Forum, 15 Apr 2020. Accessed at: http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/blog/nexus. Accessed on: 16 Apr 2020
Halliday F (1991) International relations: is there a new agenda? Millennium J Int Stud 20(1):57–72
Hay D (2017) ‘Our water, our future’: securing the water resources of the uMngeni river basin, 5th edn. Institute of Natural Resources, Pietermaritzburg
Hobson JM (2000) The state and international relations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Herod A (2007) The agency of labour in global change: reimagining the spaces and scales of trade union praxis within a global economy. In: Hobson JM, Seabrooke L (eds) Everyday politics of the world economy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Heywood A (1997) Politics. Macmillan, London
Hobson JM, Seabrooke L (2007) Everyday IPE: revealing everyday forms of change in the world economy. In: Hobson JM, Seabrooke L (eds) Everyday politics of the world economy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Hobson JM, Seabrooke L (2009) Everyday international political economy. In: Routledge handbook of international political economy (IPE): IPE as a global conversation, p 290
Hogg A (2016) Election final: Joburg completes ANC misery; 106 seats lost in big 6 metros. BizNews, 4 Aug 2016
Holst C (2012) What is epistocracy? Dimensions of knowledge-based rule. In: Øyen SA, Lund-Olsen T, Vaage NS (eds) Sacred science? On science and its interrelations with religious worldviews. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Hopf T (2000) The promise of constructivism in international relations theory. In: Linklater A (ed) International relations: critical concepts in political science. Routledge, London and New York
Horwitz P, Finlayson M (2011) Wetlands as settings for human health: Incorporating ecosystem services and health impact assessment into water resource management. Bioscience 61(9):678–688
Huber LP (2010) Beautifully powerful: a LatCrit reflection on coming to an epistemological consciousness and the power of testimonio. J Gend, Soc Policy Law 18(3):839–851
Ikenberry GJ (2009) Liberal institutionalism 3.0. America and the dilemmas of liberal world order. Perspect Polit 7(1):71–87
Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) (2016) Results summary—all ballots: eThekwini. Independent Electoral Commission, Pretoria
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2019) Debra roberts: co-chair, Working Group II. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland. Accessed at: https://www.ipcc.ch/people/debra-roberts/. Accessed on: 14 Oct 2019
Jackson PT, Nexon DH (2019) Reclaiming the social: relationalism in anglophone international studies. Cambridge Rev Int Aff 32(5):582–600
Jackson R, Sørensen G (2003) Introduction to international relations: theories and approaches, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford
James A (2007) Constructivism about practical reason. Philos Phenomenol Res 74(2):302–325
Janis I (1982) Groupthink: psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascos, 2nd edn. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA
Jeffrey A (2018) Limited epistocracy and political inclusion. Episteme 15–4:412–432
Jessop B (2002) Liberalism, neoliberalism, and urban governance: a state–theoretical perspective. Antipode 34(3):452–472
Joenniemi P (2017) Others as selves, selves as others: theorizing city-twinning. J Borderlands Stud 32(4):429–442
Joenniemi P, Jańczak J (2017) Theorizing town twinning—towards a global perspective. J Borderlands Stud 32(4):423–428
Kettle M (2005) Agency as discursive practice: From “nobody” to “somebody” as an international student in Australia. Asia Pacific J Educ 25(1):45–60
Kinderman D (2012) ‘Free us up so we can be responsible!’ the co-evolution of corporate social responsibility and neo-liberalism in the UK, 1977–2010. Socio-Econ Rev 10(1):29–57
Knill C, Lehmkuhl D (2002) Private actors and the state: Internationalization and changing patterns of governance. Governance 15(1):41–63
Koch L (2020) Personal communication. University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany, 9 Apr 2020
Kooiman J, Bavinck M, Jentoft S, Pullin R (eds) (2005) Fish for life: interactive governance for fisheries. MARE Publication Series No. 3. University of Amsterdam Press, Amsterdam
Kooiman J, Bavinck M, Chuenpagdee R, Mahon R, Pullin R (2008) Interactive governance and governability: an introduction. J Transdisc Environ Stud 7(1):1–11
Kuljanin D (2019) Why not a philosopher king and other objections to epistocracy. Phenomenol Mind 16:80–89
Kustermans J (2016) Parsing the practice turn: practice, practical knowledge, practices. Millennium J Int Stud 44(2):175–196
Leck H, Roberts D (2015) What lies beneath: understanding the invisible aspects of municipal climate change governance. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 13:61–67
Lennon M (2015) Green infrastructure and planning policy: a critical assessment. Local Environ 20(8):957–980
Lincoln YS, Lynham SA, Guba EG (2011) Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences, revisited. In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS (eds) The SAGE handbook of qualitative research, 4th edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Lincoln YS, Lynham SA, Guba EG (2018) Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences, revisited. In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS (eds) The SAGE handbook of qualitative research, 5th edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Lippert-Rasmussen K (2012) Estlund on epistocracy: a critique. Res Republica 18:241–258
List C (2005) Group knowledge and group rationality: a judgement aggregation perspective. Episteme 2:25–38
Lovell ST, Taylor JR (2013) Supplying urban ecosystem services through multifunctional green infrastructure in the United States. Landscape Ecol 28(8):1447–1463
Lucky MC (2019) Flawed wisdom: the challenge of knowledge systems in epistocracy and democracy. Paper presented at WPSA, 20 Apr 2019
Mahon R (2008) Assessing governability of fisheries using the interactive governance approach: preliminary examples from the Caribbean. J Transdisc Environ Stud 7(1):1–12
Maharaj A, Mather AA (No date) Durban and its port: an investigation into the relationship between the City and port of Durban. Capsule Professionelle 2:127–141
Mander M, Roberts D, Diederichs N (2011) What car salesmen can teach environmentalists. Solutions 2(6):24–27
Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pörtner HO, Roberts D, Skea J, Shukla PR, Pirani A, Moufouma-Okia W, Péan C, Pidcock R, Connors S (2018) IPCC (2018) Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty (In press)
Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pörtner H-O, Roberts D, Skea J, Shukla PR, Pirani A, Moufouma-Okia W, Péan C, Pidcock R, Connors S, Matthews JBR, Chen Y, Zhou X, Gomis MI, Lonnoy E, Maycock T, Tignor M, Waterfield T (eds) IPCC (2018) Summary for policymakers. In: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Mather A (2008) Sea level rise and it’s likely financial impacts. IMFO: Off J Inst Municipal Fin Officers 8(3):8–9
Mather A (2009) Projections and modelling scenarios for sea-level rise at Durban, South Africa. eThekwini Municipality, Durban, South Africa
Mather A, Roberts D (2015) Climate change and the coasts of Africa: Durban case study. In: Glavovic B, Kelly M, Kay R, Tavers A (eds) Climate change and coast: building resilient communities. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Mather AA, Stretch DD (2012) A perspective on sea level rise and coastal storm surge from Southern and Eastern Africa: a case study near Durban, South Africa. Water 4:237–259
Mather A, Stretch D, Garland G (2011a) Predicting extreme wave run-up on natural beaches for coastal planning and management. Coast Eng J 53(2):87–109
Mayo Clinic (2020) E. coli: overview. Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Accessed at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/e-coli/symptoms-causes/syc-20372058. Accessed on: 31 Mar 2020
McCarthy J, Prudham S (2004) Neoliberal nature and the nature of neoliberalism. Geoforum 35:275–283
McCourt DM (2016) Practice theory and relationalism as the new constructivism. Int Stud Quart 60(3):475–485
McLean CT, Ground LE, Boon RGC, Roberts DC, Govender N, McInnes A (2016) Durban’s systematic conservation assessment. eThekwini Municipality, Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department, Durban
McPhearson T, Parnell S, Simon D, Gaffney O, Elmqvist T, Bai X, Roberts D, Revi A (2016) Scientists must have a say in the future of cities. Nature 538(7624):165–166
Mearsheimer JJ, Walt SM (2013) Leaving theory behind: why simplistic hypothesis testing is bad for international relations. Eur J Int Relat 19(3):427–457
Meissner R (2004) The transnational role and involvement of interest groups in water politics: a comparative analysis of selected Southern Africa case studies. D.Phil. Dissertation: University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities
Meissner R (2005) Interest groups and the proposed Epupa Dam: towards a theory of water politics. Politeia 24(3):354–370
Meissner R (2014) A critical analysis of research paradigms in a subset of marine and maritime scholarly thought. In: Funke N, Claassen M, Meissner R, Nortje K (eds) Reflections on the state of research and technology in South Africa’s marine and maritime sectors. Pretoria, CSIR, p 303
Meissner R (2015a) The relevance of social theory in the practice of environmental management. Sci Eng Ethics 22(5):1–16
Meissner R (2015b) The governance of urban wastewater treatment infrastructure in the greater Sekhukhune District Municipality and the application of analytic eclecticism. Int J Water Gov 3(2):79–110
Meissner R (2016) Hydropolitics, interest groups and governance: the case of the proposed Epupa Dam. Springer, Heidelberg
Meissner R (2017) Paradigms and theories influencing policies in the South African and international water sectors. Springer, Cham, Switzerland
Meissner R (2020) WEF, paradigms and theory. Water Alternatives Forum, 16 Apr 2020. Accessed at: http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/blog/nexus. Accessed on: 16 Apr 2020
Meissner R, Turton AR (2003) The hydrosocial contract theory and the Lesotho highlands water project. Water Policy 5(2):115–126
Meissner R, Ramasar V (2015) Governance and politics in the upper Limpopo River basin, South Africa. Geo J 80(5):689–709
Meissner R, Jovanovic L, Petersen C (2017a) What one knows is unknown to others: a sediment transport study and its policy implications. Int J Water Gov 5(1):1–18
Meissner R, Stuart-Hill S, Nakhooda Z (2017b) The establishment of catchment management agencies in South Africa with reference to the Flussgebietsgemeinschaft Elbe: some practical considerations. In: Karar E (ed) Freshwater governance for the 21st century. Springer, Dordrecht
Meissner R, Steyn M, Moyo E, Shadung J, Masangane W, Nohayi N, Jacobs-Mata I (2018a) South African local government perceptions of the state of water security. Environ Sci Policy 87:112–127
Meissner R, Funke N, Nortje K, Jacobs-Mata I, Moyo E, Steyn M, Shadung J, Masangane W, Nohayi N (2018b) Water security at local government level in South Africa: a qualitative interview-based analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2(Supplement 1):S17
Meissner R, Steyn M, Jacobs-Mata I, Moyo E, Shadung J, Nohayi N, Mngadi T (2019) The perceived state of water security in the Sekhukhune District Municipality and the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. In: Meissner R, Funke N, Nortje K, Steyn M (eds) Understanding water security at local government level in South Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, London
Mell IC (2008) Green infrastructure: concepts and planning. FORUM: Int J Postgrad Stud Architect, Plan Landscape 8(1):69–80
Miles MB, Huberman AM (1984) Drawing valid meaning from qualitative data: toward a shared craft. Educ Res 13(5):20–30
Min JB (2015) Epistocracy and democratic epistemology. Polit Central Eur 11(1):91–112. https://doi.org/10.1515/pce-2015-0005
Moraro P (2018) Against epistocracy. Soc Theory Pract 44(2):199–216
Moufouma-Okia WM, Delmotte VM, Zhai P, Pörtner HO, Roberts D, Howden M, Pichs-Madruga R, Flato G, Vera C, Pirani A, Tignor M (2019) IPCC expert meeting on assessing climate information for regions. IPCC working group I technical support unit, Université Paris Saclay, Saint Aubin, France
Mulligan T (2015) On the compatibility of epistocracy and public reason. Soc Theor Pract 41(3):458–476
Mutombo K (2014) Port infrastructure: a holistic framework for adaptation to climate change. In: Funke Claassen N, Meissner M, Nortje K (eds) Reflections on the state of research and technology in South Africa’s marine and maritime sectors. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria
Mythen G, Walklate S (2006) Criminology and terrorism: which thesis? Risk society or governmentality? Br J Criminol 46(3):379–398
Naidoo Y (2019) Former eThekwini mayor Zandile Gumede’s home raided by Hawks, Asset Forfeiture Unit. Sunday Times, 10 Oct 2019
Nel P (1999) Theories of international relations. In: Nel P, McGowan PJ (eds) Power, wealth and global order: an international relations textbook for Africa. University of Cape Town Press, Rondebosch
Nel J, Colvin C, le Maitre D, Smith J, Haines I (2013) South Africa’s strategic water source areas. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria. CSIR Report No: CSIR/NRE/ECOS/ER/2013/0031/A
Nicolini D (2012) Practice theory, work, and organization: an introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Nilon CH, Aronson MF, Cilliers SS, Dobbs C, Frazee LJ, Goddard MA, O’Neill KM, Roberts D, Stander EK, Werner P, Winter M (2017) Planning for the future of urban biodiversity: a global review of city-scale initiatives. Bioscience 67(4):332–342
Nortje K, Funke N, Meissner R, Steyn M, Moyo E (2019) Beyond water quality and quantity: a typology towards understanding water security in South Africa. In: Meissner R, Funke N, Nortje K, Steyn M (eds) (2019) Understanding water security at local government level in South Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, London
Onuf N (1998) Constructivism: a user’s manual. In: Kubálková V, Onuf N, Kowert P (eds) International relations in a constructed world. Armonk, M.E. Sharpe
Ownby T (2013) Critical visual methodology: photographs and narrative text as a visual autoethnography. Online J Commun Media Technol
Pederson DB (2014) The political epistemology of science-based policy making. Society 51(5):547–551
Piacentini SM, Rossetto R (2020) Attitude and actual behaviour towards water-related green infratsructures and sustianable drainage systems in four north-western Mediterranean regions of Italy and France. Water 12(5):1–17
Poff NL, Brown CM, Grantham TE, Matthews JH, Palmer MA, Spence CM, Wilby RL, Haasnoot M, Mendoza GF, Dominique KC, Baeza A (2016) Sustainable water management under future uncertainty with eco-engineering decision scaling. Nat Clim Change 6(1):25–34
Possingham HP, Wilson KA (2005) Turning up the heat on hotspots. Nature 436:919–920
Pouliot V, Thérien J-P (2018) Global governance in practice. Glob Policy 9(2):163–172
Poynton JC, Roberts DC (1985) Urban open space planning in South Africa: a biogeographical perspective. S Afr J Sci 81(1):33–37
Price R (1998) Reversing the gun sights: transnational civil society targets land mines. Int Org 52(3):613–644
Rannikko P (1996) Local environmental conflicts and the change in environmental consciousness. Acta Sociol 39(1):57–72
Reckwitz A (2002) Toward a theory of social practices: a development in culturalist theorizing. Eur J Soc Theor 5(2):243–263
Rehg W (2011) Evaluating complex collaborative expertise: the case of climate change. Argumentation 25:385–400
Republic of South Africa (1996) Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996. Government Printer, Pretoria
Republic of South Africa (2003) Traditional leadership and governance framework act, No. 41 of 2003. Republic of South Africa, Pretoria
Reus-Smit C (2001) Constructivism. In: Burchill S, Devetak R, Linklater A, Patterson M, Reus-Smit C, True J (eds) Theories of international relations, 2nd edn. Palgrave, New York
Reus-Smit C, Snidal D (2008) Between utopia and reality: the practical discourse of international relations. In: Reus-Smit C, Snidal D (eds) The oxford handbook of international relations. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Revi A, Satterthwaite DE, Aragón-Durand F, Corfee-Morlot J, Kiunsi RBR, Pelling M, Roberts DC, Solecki W (2014) Urban areas. In: Field CB, Barros VR, Dokken DJ, Mach KJ, Mastrandrea MD, Bilir TE, Chatterjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN, MacCracken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (eds) Climate change: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of working group II to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel of climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp 535–612
Revi A, Satterthwaite D, Aragón-Durand F, Corfee-Morlot J, Kiunsi RB, Pelling M, Roberts D, Solecki W, Gajjar SP, Sverdlik A (2014b) Towards transformative adaptation in cities: the IPCC’s fifth assessment. Environ Urbanization 26(1):11–28
Rhodes RAW (1996) The new governance: governing without government. Polit Stud 44(4):652–667
Richter UH (2010) Liberal thought in reasoning on CSR. J Bus Ethics 97(4):625–649
Risse T, Wiener A (1999) ‘Something rotten’ and the social construction of social constructivism: a comment on comments. J Eur Public Policy 6(5):775–782
Ritzer G (2000) Sociological theory. McGraw-Hill, New York
Roberts DC (1993) The vegetation ecology of municipal Durban, Natal. Floristic classification. Bothalia 23(2):271–326
Roberts DC (1994) The design of an urban open-space network for the city of Durban (South Africa). Environ Conserv 21(1):11–17
Roberts D (1996) Urban environmental planning and management: the challenge of sustainable development. In: Reddy PS (ed) Readings in local government management and development. A Southern African perspective. Juta, Kenwyn
Roberts D (2003a) Sustainability and equity: reflections of a local government practitioner in Southern Africa. In: Bullard RD, Agyeman J, Evans B (eds) Just sustainabilities: development in an unequal world. Earthscan Publications Ltd, London and New York
Roberts DC (2003b) Using the development of an environmental management system to develop and promote a more holistic understanding of urban ecosystems in Durban, South Africa. In: Berkowitz AR, Nilon CH, Hollweg KS (eds) Understanding urban ecosystems. Springer, New York
Roberts D (2005) Durban’s Local Agenda 21/Local Action 21 Programme: a vehicle for social inclusion? In: Herle P, and Walter U-J (eds) Socially inclusive cities: emerging concepts and practice. Lit Verlag, Munster
Roberts D (2008) Thinking globally, acting locally—institutionalizing climate change at the local government level in Durban, South Africa. Environ Urbanization 20(2):521–537
Roberts D (2010) Prioritizing climate change adaptation and local level resilience in Durban, South Africa. Environ Urbanization 22(2):397–413
Roberts D (2013) Cities OPT in while nations COP out: reflections on COP18. S Afr J Sci 109(5–6):1–3
Roberts D (2016a) A global roadmap for climate change action: from COP17 in Durban to COP21 in Paris. S Afr J Sci 112(5–6):1–3
Roberts D (2016) The new climate calculus: 1.5 C = Paris agreement, cities, local government, science and champions (PLSC2). Urbanisation 1(2):71–78
Roberts D (2016c) City action for global environmental change: assessment and case study of Durban, South Africa. In: Seto KCY, Solecki W, Griffith C (eds) The Routledge handbook of urbanization and global environmental change. Routledge, New York
Roberts D (2018) Banksy and the Biologist. In: Elmqvist T, Bai X, Frantzeskaki N, Griffith C, Maddox D, McPhearson T, Parnell S, Romero-Lankao P, Simon D, Watkins M (eds) Urban planet: knowledge towards sustainable cities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Roberts DC (1990) An open space survey of Municipal Durban. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
Roberts D, Diederichs N (2002) Durban’s Local Agenda 21 programme: tackling sustainable development in a post-apartheid city. Environ Urbanization 14(1):189–201
Roberts D, O’Donoghue S (2013) Urban environmental challenges and climate change action in Durban, South Africa. Environ Urbanization 25(2):299–319
Roberts D, O’Donoghue S (2016) City view: Durban, South Africa. In: Masty L (ed) State of the world: can a city be sustainable?. Island Press, Washington, DC
Roberts DC, Poynton JC (1985) Central and peripheral urban open spaces: need for biological evaluation. S Afr J Sci 81(8):464–466
Roberts D, Mander M, Boon R (2002) An urban challenge: conserving biodiversity in the eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal. In: Pierce SM, Cowlings RM, Sandwith T, MacKinnon K (eds) Mainstreaming biodiversity in development: case studies from South Africa. World Bank, Washington, DC
Roberts DC, Boon R, Croucamp P, Mander M (2005) Resource economics as a tool for open space planning Durban, South Africa. In: Trzyna T (ed) The Urban Imperative, urban outreach strategies for protected area agencies. IUCN-California Institute of Public Affairs, Sacramento
Roberts D, Boon R, Diederichs N, Douwes E, Govender N, McInnes A, McLean C, O’Donoghue S, Spires M (2012) Exploring ecosystem-based adaptation in Durban, South Africa: “learning-by-doing” at the local government coal face. Environ Urbanization 24(1):167–195
Roberts D, Morgan D, O’Donoghue S, Guastella L, Hlongwa N, Price P (2016) Durban, South Africa. In: Bartlett S, Satterthwaite D (eds) Cities on a finite planet. Routledge, London
Robinson ES (1934) Law. An unscientific science. Yale Law J 44(2):235–267
Roe M, Mell I (2013) Negotiating value and priorities: evaluating the demands of green infrastructure development. J Environ Plan Manage 56(5):650–673
Rogers PJ, Petrosino A, Huebner TA, Hacsi TA (2000) Program theory evaluation: practice, promise, and problems. New Dir Eval 87:5–14
Rosenau JN (2006) The study of world politics: theoretical and methodological challenges. Routledge, New York
Rosneu JN (2008) People count!: Networked individuals in global politics. Paradigm Publishers, London
Rouget M, O’Donoghue S, Taylor C, Roberts D, Slotow R (2016) Improving the management of threatened ecosystems in an urban biodiversity hotspot through the Durban research action partnership. Bothalia-Afr Biodiv Conserv 46(2):1–3
Rousseau J-J (1762) The social contract or principles of political right. Translated from the French by G. D. H. Cole 2001. University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville
Ruggie JG (1998) What makes the world hang together? Neo-utilitarianism and the social construction challenge. Int Org 52:855–887
Schalkwijk N, Tifflin W, Kohler K (2017) KwaZulu-Natal visitor book project report. Tourism KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
Schatzki TR (2001) Introduction: practice theory. In: Schatzki TR, Cetina KK, von Savigny E (eds) The practice turn in contemporary theory. Routledge, London
Schatzki TR, Cetina KK, von Savigny E (2001) The practice turn in contemporary theory. Routledge, London
Schnaiberg A (1994) The political economy of environmental problems and policies: consciousness, conflict, and control capacity. In: Freese L (ed) Advances in human ecology. Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley, UK
Scholes RJ, Biggs R (2005) A biodiversity inactness index. Nature 434:45–49
Schulze R, Mander ND, Hughes C, Mather A (2014) Durban climate change strategy water theme report: draft for public comment. eThekwini Municipality, Durban
Seabrooke L, Sending OJ (2006) Norms as doing things versus norms as things to do: analyzing everyday change in international politics. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, mimeo, Ap 2006
Selby J (2018) Critical international relations and the impact agenda. Br Polit 13:332–347
Selin E (1987) Collective risks and the environment. In: Sjöberg L (ed) Risk and society: studies of risk generation and reactions to risk. Allen and Unwin, London
Shi L, Chu E, Anguelovski I, Aylett A, Debats J, Goh K, Schenk T, Seto KC, Dodman D, Roberts D, Roberts JT (2016) Roadmap towards justice in urban climate adaptation research. Nat Clim Change 6(2):131–137
Sil R, Katzenstein PJ (2010) Analytic eclecticism in the study of world politics: reconfiguring problems and mechanisms across research traditions. Perspect Polit 6(8):411–431
Singh O (2019) Zandile Gumede removed as mayor over ‘performance of eThekwini Municipality’. Sunday Times, 3 Sept 2019
Singh RK, Arrighi J, Coughlan de Perez E, Warrick O, Suarez P, Koelle B, Jjemba E, van Aalst MK, Roberts DC, Pörtner HO, Jones RG (2019) International conference on climate risk management, inputs for the intergovernmental panel on climate change’s sixth assessment report. Clim Dev 11(8):655–658
Skinner Q (1985) The return of grand theory in the human sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Slootweg R (2005) Biodiversity assessment framework: making biodiversity part of corporate social responsibility. Impact Assess Proj Appraisal 23(1):37–46
Smith S (1997) New approaches to international theory. In: Baylis J, Smith S (eds) The globalization of world politics: an introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Smith AM, Bundy SC, Mather AA (2012) Failed coastal stabilization: examples from the KwaZulu-Natal Coast, South Africa. In: Finkl CW (ed) Pitfalls of shoreline stabilization. Springer, Dordrecht
Smith A, Guastella LA, Mather AA, Bundy SC, Haigh ID (2013) KwaZulu-Natal coastal erosion events of 2006/2007 and 2011: a predictive tool? S Afr J Sci 109(3–4):1–4
Solecki W, Rosenzweig C, Dhakal S, Roberts D, Barau AS, Schultz S, Ürge-Vorsatz D (2018) City transformations in a 1.5 °C warmer world. Nat Clim Change 8(3):177–181
South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) (2020) The uMngeni ecological infrastructure partnership. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pietermaritzburg. Accessed at: http://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/participation/umngeni-ecological-infrastructure-partnership/. Accessed on: 31 Mar 2020
Spodarczyk E, Szelągowska-Rudzka K (2015) Is social responsibility required in the cooperation among universities, businesses and local government in the local environment? In: Rouco JCD (ed) Proceedings of the 11th European conference on management, leadership and governance. Academic Conferences International Limited, Reading, UK
StatsSA (2016) Community survey 2016: in brief. Statistics South Africa, Pretoria
Stone A (1994) What is a supranational constitution? An essay in international relations theory. Rev Polit 56(3):441–474
Tam M (2000) Constructivism, instructional design, and technology: implications for transforming distance learning. J Educ Technol Soc 3(2):50–60
Taylor J (2020) Personal communication. Wildlife and Environment Society of Southern Africa, Howick, South Africa, 8 Apr 2020
Taylor C, Cockburn J, Rouget M, Ray-Mukherjee J, Mukherjee S, Slotow R, Roberts D, Boon R, O’Donoghue S, Douwes E (2016) Evaluating the outcomes and processes of a research-action partnership: the need for continuous reflective evaluation. Bothalia-Afr Biodiv Conserv 46(2):1–16
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) (2019a) How we work. [Online]. Available at: https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/who-we-are/how-we-work/. Accessed 7 Mar 2019
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) (2019b) Water funds: a natural solution for water security in Sub-Saharan Africa. [Online]. Available at: https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/water-funds-a-natural-solution-for-water-security-in-sub-saharan-africa/. Accessed 7 Mar 2019
Tourism KwaZulu-Natal (TKZN) (2016) Statistics of our tourism sector 2016. Tourism KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
Tracy SJ (2013) Qualitative research methods: collecting evidence, crafting analysis, 2nd edn. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ
Tremmel J (2018) The Anthropocene concept as a wake-up call for reforming democracy. In: Hickmann T, Partzsch L, Pattberg HP, Weiland S (eds) The Anthropocene debate and political science. Routledge, London
Tuathail GÓ (1999) Understanding critical geopolitics: geopolitics and risk society. J Strateg Stud 22(2–3):107–124
Turton A, Meissner R (2002) The hydrosocial contract and its manifestation in society: a south african case study. In: Turton AR, Henwood R (eds) Hydropolitics in the developing world: a Southern African perspective. African Water Issues Research Unit, Pretoria
Turton A, Ohlsson L (1999) Water scarcity and social adaptive capacity: towards an understanding of the social dynamics of managing water scarcity in developing countries. Paper presented in the Workshop No. 4: water and social stability of the 9th Stockholm water symposium “urban stability through integrated water-related management,” 9–12 Aug. MEWREW Occasional Paper No, 18. Stockholm Water Institute (SIWI), Stockholm, Sweden
University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) (2020) Catherine Sutherland: Bio. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. Accessed at: https://sobeds.ukzn.ac.za/staff-profile/development-studies/catherine-sutherland/. Accessed on: 30 Mar 2020
Van Klaveren ES (2018) The allure of green infrastructure: a constructivist case analysis. Unpublished MSc. Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Van Klaveren S (2019) Personal communication. Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 12 July 2019
Viehoff D (2016) Authority. And expertise. J Polit Philos 24(4):406–426
Vion A (2007) The institutionalization of international friendship. Crit Rev Int Soc Polit Philos 10(2):281–297
Viotti PR, Kauppi MV (1999) International relations theory: realism, pluralism, globalism, and beyond. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA
Von Korff Y, Daniell KA, Moellenkamp S, Bots P, Bijlsma RM (2012) Implementing participatory water management: recent advances in theory, practice, and evaluation. Ecol Soc 17(1)
Walsh CL, Roberts D, Dawson RJ, Hall JW, Nickson A, Hounsome R (2013) Experiences of integrated assessment of climate impacts, adaptation and mitigation modelling in London and Durban. Environ Urbanization 25(2):361–380
Warner J (2000a) Images of water security: a more integrated perspective. AWIRU Occasional Paper No. 4, African Water Issues Research Unit, Pretoria University. Available from Website http://www.up.ac.za/academic/libarts/polsci/awiru
Warner J (2000b) Integrated management requires an integrated society: towards a new hydrosocial contract for the 21st century. AWIRU Occasional Paper No. 24. African Water Issues Research Unit, Pretoria University. Available from Website http://www.up.ac.za/academic/libarts/polsci/awiru
Warner JF (2004) Water, wine, vinegar, blood: on politics, participation, violence and conflict over the hydrosocial contract. In: Proceedings of the workshop on water and politics: understanding the role of politics in water management, Marseille 26–02-2004/27-02-2004
Warner J (2012) Three lenses on water war, peace and hegemonic struggle on the Nile. Int J Sustain Soc 4(1–2):173–193
Warner J, Zawahri N (2012) Hegemony and asymmetry: multiple chessboard games on transboundary rivers. Int Environ Agreements: Polit Law Econ 12(3):215–229
Weerts S (2019) Personal communication. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa, 10 Apr 2019
Wellstead A, Howlett M, Rayner J (2013) The neglect of governance in forest sector vulnerability assessments: structural-functionalism and “black box” problems in climate change adaptation planning. Ecol Soc 18(3)
Wendt A (1995) Constructing international politics. Int Secur 20:71–81
Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) (2020) History. Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Accessed at: https://www.wiomsa.org/about-wiomsa/. Accessed on 31 Mar 2020
Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa (WESSA) (2020a) About us: overview. Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa, Bryanston, Johannesburg. Accessed at: http://wessa.org.za/about-us/overview/. Accessed on: 30 Mar 2020
Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa (WESSA) (2020b) Working for ecosystems programme. Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa, Bryanston, Johannesburg. Accessed at: http://wessa.org.za/what-we-do/ecological-infrastructure-sustainability/working-for-ecosystems-programme/. Accessed on 30 Mar 2020
Wissenburg M (2019) The Anthropocene and the republic. Crit Rev Int Soc Polit Philos. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2019.1698152
Wright H (2011) Understanding green infrastructure: the development of a contested concept in England. Local Environ 16(10):1003–1019
Wright K, Simpson C (2015) Rethinking ecology in the Anthropocene: knowledge, practices, ethics and politics. Scan J Media Arts Cult 1:2–4
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Meissner, R. (2021). eThekwini’s Green and Ecological Infrastructure Policy Landscape. In: eThekwini’s Green and Ecological Infrastructure Policy Landscape. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53051-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53051-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-53050-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-53051-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)