Abstract
CFD analysis is carried out to evaluate the mean aerodynamic loads on the retractable main landing-gear of a regional transport commercial aircraft. The mean flow around the landing-gear system including doors is simulated by using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modelling approach, the governing equations being solved with a finite volume-based numerical technique. The computational grid is automatically adapted to the time-changing geometry by means of a dynamic meshing technique, while following the deployment of the landing-gear system. The present computational modelling approach is verified to have good practical potential by making a comparison with reference experimental data provided by the Leonardo Aircraft Company aerodynamicists.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Johnson, F.T., Tinoco, E.N., Yu, N.J.: Thirty years of development and application of CFD at Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Comput. Fluids 34, 1115–1151 (2005)
Spalart, P.R., Venkatakrishnan, V.: On the role and challenges of CFD in the aerospace industry. Aeronaut. J. 120(1223), 209–232 (2016)
Spalart, P.R., Allmaras, S.R.: A one-equation turbulence model for aerodynamic flows. AIAA Paper 92–0439 (1992)
Fröhlich, J., von Terzi, D.: Hybrid LES/RANS methods for the simulation of turbulent flows. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 44, 349–377 (2008)
Langtry, R.B., Spalart, P.R.: Detached eddy simulation of a nose landing-gear cavity. Solid Mech. Appl. 14, 357–366 (2009)
De Stefano, G., Vasilyev, O.V., Brown-Dymkoski, E.: Wavelet-based adaptive unsteady Reynolds-averaged turbulence modelling of external flows. J. Fluid Mech. 837, 765–787 (2018)
Ge, X., Vasilyev, O.V., De Stefano, G., Hussaini, M.Y.: Wavelet-based adaptive unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of wall-bounded compressible turbulent flows. AIAA J. 58(4), 1529–1549 (2020)
De Stefano, G., Vasilyev, O.V.: Wavelet-based adaptive simulations of three-dimensional flow past a square cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 748, 433–456 (2014)
Imamura, T., Hirai, T., Amemiya, K., Yokokawa, Y., Enomoto, S., Yamamoto, K.: Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic simulations of a two-wheel landing-gear. Procedia Eng. 6, 293–302 (2010)
Spalart, P.R., Mejia, K.M.: Analysis of experimental and numerical studies of the rudimentary landing gear. AIAA Paper 2011-355 (2011)
Escobar, J.A., Suarez, C.A., Silva, C., López, O.D., Velandia, J.S., Lara, C.A.: Detached-eddy simulation of a wide-body commercial aircraft in high-lift configuration. J. Aircr. 52(4), 1112–1121 (2015)
Reina, G.P., De Stefano, G.: Computational evaluation of wind loads on sun-tracking ground-mounted photovoltaic panel arrays. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 170, 283–293 (2017)
Rapagnani, D., Buompane, R., Di Leva, A., et al.: A supersonic jet target for the cross section measurement of the 12C(\(\alpha \), \(\gamma \))16O reaction with the recoil mass separator ERNA. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 407, 217–221 (2017)
Benaouali, A., Kachel, S.: Multidisciplinary design optimization of aircraft wing using commercial software integration. Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 92, 766–776 (2019)
Hedges, L.S., Travin, A.K., Spalart, P.R.: Detached-eddy simulations over a simplified landing gear. J. Fluids Eng. 124, 413–420 (2002)
Xiao, Z., Liu, J., Luo, K., Huang, J., Fu, S.: Investigation of flows around a rudimentary landing gear with advanced detached-eddy-simulation approaches. AIAA J. 51(1), 107–125 (2013)
Rhee, S.H., Koutsavdis, E.K.: Unsteady marine propulsor blade flow - A CFD validation with unstructured dynamic meshing. AIAA Paper 2003–3887 (2003)
De Stefano, G., Nejadmalayeri, A., Vasilyev, O.V.: Wall-resolved wavelet-based adaptive large-eddy simulation of bluff-body flows with variable thresholding. J. Fluid Mech. 788, 303–336 (2016)
Wilcox, D.C.: Turbulence Modeling for CFD, 3rd edn. DCW Industries Inc., La Canada (2006)
Pavlenko, O.V., Chuban, A.V.: Numerical investigation of the hinge moments of the nose landing gear doors in a passenger aircraft in the process of opening. TsAGI Sci. J. 47(5), 513–523 (2016)
Pavlenko, O.V., Chuban, A.V.: Determining hinge moments of the main landing gear fuselage door by means of numerical flow simulation. TsAGI Sci. J. 49(7), 781–792 (2018)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Italian Regione Campania under the research project SCAVIR (POR Campania FESR 2014/2020), presented by the Campania Aerospace Technological District (DAC). This support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank the Leonardo Aircraft Company for providing the landing gear data.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
De Stefano, G., Natale, N., Piccolo, A., Reina, G.P. (2020). CFD Prediction of Retractable Landing Gear Aerodynamics. In: Gervasi, O., et al. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020. ICCSA 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12249. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58799-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58799-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58798-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58799-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)