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CCL2 in the Tumor Microenvironment

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Tumor Microenvironment

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1302))

Abstract

The C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a crucial mediator of immune cell recruitment during microbial infections and tissue damage. CCL2 is also frequently overexpressed in cancer cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment, and a large body of evidence indicates that high CCL2 levels are associated with more aggressive malignancies, a higher probability of metastasis, and poorer outcomes in a wide range of cancers. CCL2 plays a role in recruiting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which adopt a pro-tumorigenic phenotype and support cancer cell survival, facilitate tumor cell invasion, and promote angiogenesis. CCL2 also has direct, TAM-independent effects on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, including recruitment of other myeloid subsets and non-myeloid cells, maintaining an immunosuppressive environment, stimulating tumor cell growth and motility, and promoting angiogenesis. CCL2 also plays important roles in the metastatic cascade, such as creating a pre-metastatic niche in distant organs and promoting tumor cell extravasation across endothelia. Due to its many roles in tumorigenesis and metastatic processes, the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis is currently being pursued as a potential therapeutic target for cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Tracy O’Connor & Mathias Heikenwalder

  2. Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Tracy O’Connor & Mathias Heikenwalder

  3. Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany

    Tracy O’Connor & Mathias Heikenwalder

  4. Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Tracy O’Connor & Mathias Heikenwalder

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  1. Tracy O’Connor
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  2. Mathias Heikenwalder
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Correspondence to Tracy O’Connor or Mathias Heikenwalder .

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  1. Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Alexander Birbrair

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O’Connor, T., Heikenwalder, M. (2021). CCL2 in the Tumor Microenvironment. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Tumor Microenvironment. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1302. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_1

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