Abstract
Solid phase processing techniques such as friction stir welding, Shear assisted processing and extrusion (ShAPE)/friction extrusion and cold spray have been successfully demonstrated as promising thermomechanical methods to produce metallic materials with enhanced performance. In this study, AZ series with and without silicon, ZK60 Mg alloys in as-received forms (as-cast or as-extruded) were processed using Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE). Microstructural characterization was performed using EBSD and TEM and revealed that as compared to the feedstock materials/billets, friction extruded Mg alloys had more uniform microstructure, equiaxed grains, finer and homogeneously distributed precipitates and chemical homogeneity. It was also observed that basal planes were not oriented parallel to extrusion axis. As a result, rod products exhibited significantly reduced (in some cases eliminated) yield asymmetry and achieved enhanced ductility, which were uncommon or difficult to attain using conventional processing techniques. In addition, modified texture likely suppressed deformation twinning under compressive deformation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
M.R. Barnett, Twinning and the ductility of magnesium alloys: Part I: “Tension” twins, Materials Science and Engineering: A 464(1–2) (2007) 1–7.
D. Zhang, H. Wen, M.A. Kumar, F. Chen, L. Zhang, I.J. Beyerlein, J.M. Schoenung, S. Mahajan, E.J. Lavernia, Yield symmetry and reduced strength differential in Mg-2.5Y alloy, Acta Mater. 120 (2016) 75–85.
D. Zhang, L. Jiang, B. Zheng, J.M. Schoenung, S. Mahajan, E.J. Lavernia, I.J. Beyerlein, J.M. Schoenung, E.J. Lavernia, Deformation Twinning (Update), Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, Elsevier 2016.
M.H. Yoo, Slip, Twinning, and Fracture in Hexagonal Close-Packed Metals, Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. 12(3) (1981) 409–418.
J. Bohlen, S. Yi, D. Letzig, K.U. Kainer, Effect of rare earth elements on the microstructure and texture development in magnesium–manganese alloys during extrusion, Materials Science and Engineering: A 527(26) (2010) 7092–7098.
D.L. Yin, J.T. Wang, J.Q. Liu, X. Zhao, On tension–compression yield asymmetry in an extruded Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy, J. Alloy. Compd. 478(1–2) (2009) 789–795.
Li D., V.V. Joshi, C.A. Lavender, M.A. Khaleel, and S. Ahzi. 2013. “Yield asymmetry design of magnesium alloys by integrated computational materials engineering.” Computational Materials Science 79.
Joshi V.V., S. Jana, D. Li, H. Garmestani, E.A. Nyberg, and C.A. Lavender. 2014. “High Shear Deformation to Produce High Strength and Energy Absorption in Mg Alloys.” In Magnesium Technology 2014, edited by M Alderman, et al, 83–88. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
J. Hirsch, T. Al-Samman, Superior light metals by texture engineering: Optimized aluminum and magnesium alloys for automotive applications, Acta Materialia 61(3) (2013) 818–843.
Y. Chino, M. Kado, M. Mabuchi, Enhancement of tensile ductility and stretch formability of magnesium by addition of 0.2 wt%(0.035 at%)Ce, Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. 494(1–2) (2008) 343–349.
J. Bohlen, M.R. Nürnberg, J.W. Senn, D. Letzig, S.R. Agnew, The texture and anisotropy of magnesium–zinc–rare earth alloy sheets, Acta Mater. 55(6) (2007) 2101–2112.
T. Al-Samman, X. Li, Sheet texture modification in magnesium-based alloys by selective rare earth alloying, Materials Science and Engineering: A 528(10–11) (2011) 3809–3822.
H.J. Choi, Y. Kim, J.H. Shin, D.H. Bae, Deformation behavior of magnesium in the grain size spectrum from nano- to micrometer, Materials Science and Engineering: A 527(6) (2010) 1565–1570.
S.K. Panigrahi, K. Kumar, N. Kumar, W. Yuan, R.S. Mishra, R. DeLorme, B. Davis, R.A. Howell, K. Cho, Transition of deformation behavior in an ultrafine grained magnesium alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A 549 (2012) 123–127.
I.J. Beyerlein, L.S. Toth, Texture evolution in equal-channel angular extrusion, Prog. Mater. Sci. 54(4) (2009) 427–510.
S. Whalen, N. Overman, V. Joshi, T. Varga, D. Graff, C. Lavender, Magnesium alloy ZK60 tubing made by Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE), Materials Science and Engineering: A 755 (2019) 278–288.
T. Voisin, N.M. Krywopusk, F. Mompiou, T.P. Weihs, Precipitation strengthening in nanostructured AZ31B magnesium thin films characterized by nano-indentation, STEM/EDS, HRTEM, and in situ TEM tensile testing, Acta Materialia 138 (2017) 174–184.
N. Stanford, D. Atwell, The Effect of Mn-rich Precipitates on the Strength of AZ31 Extrudates, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 44(10) (2013) 4830–4843.
N.R. Overman, S.A. Whalen, M.E. Bowden, M.J. Olszta, K. Kruska, T. Clark, E.L. Stevens, J.T. Darsell, V.V. Joshi, X. Jiang, K.F. Mattlin, S.N. Mathaudhu, Homogenization and texture development in rapidly solidified AZ91E consolidated by Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE), Materials Science and Engineering: A 701 (2017) 56–68.
S. Whalen, M. Olszta, C. Roach, J. Darsell, D. Graff, M. Reza-E-Rabby, T. Roosendaal, W. Daye, T. Pelletiers, S. Mathaudhu, N. Overman, High ductility aluminum alloy made from powder by friction extrusion, Materialia 6 (2019) 100260.
C.M. Cepeda-Jiménez, J.M. Molina-Aldareguia, M.T. Pérez-Prado, Effect of grain size on slip activity in pure magnesium polycrystals, Acta Mater. 84(0) (2015) 443–456.
C.M. Cepeda-Jiménez, J.M. Molina-Aldareguia, F. Carreño, M.T. Pérez-Prado, Prominent role of basal slip during high-temperature deformation of pure Mg polycrystals, Acta Mater. 85(0) (2015) 1–13.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the U. S. Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office for the financial support provided for this project. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhang, D., Darsell, J., Overman, N., Herling, D.R., Joshi, V.V. (2021). Eliminating Yield Asymmetry and Enhancing Ductility in Mg Alloys by Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion. In: Miller, V.M., Maier, P., Jordon, J.B., Neelameggham, N.R. (eds) Magnesium Technology 2021. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65528-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65528-0_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-65527-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-65528-0
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)