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Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Toxicity in Aquatic Organisms: An Overview of Methods and Mechanisms

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Nanomaterial Biointeractions at the Cellular, Organismal and System Levels

Part of the book series: Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences ((NALIS))

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been variously used in the areas of agriculture, biomedicine, nanotechnology, human health, and biological applications. The potential human and animal exposures to NPs are increasing as the range of consumer products containing engineered NPs increases over time. Thus, there has been a surge in research focusing on the interactions and toxicity of NPs with living organisms. The toxicity of metallic nanoparticles such as Ag has been extensively studied in bacterial cell studies. However, one of the most widely used nanomaterials includes metal oxide NPs. Metal oxide NPs are generally utilized for their semiconductor properties. NPs such as TiO2, ZnO, and CuO have been used in different applications including photocatalysis, energy storage, and biomedical applications. This chapter focuses on the interactions of TiO2, ZnO, and CuO NPs and their adverse effects on live organisms and cells. Special emphasis is given in this chapter to discuss recent results reported on the interactions of algal cells: Diatoms/plankton species, bivalve species, fish species. Some studies on the exposure of human cell lines and mammalian models are also included. The common effects of metal oxide nanoparticles exhibited across the species of organisms include, predominately, oxidative stress and decreased cellular viability. To gain a comprehensive picture of NP toxicity, the identification of surfactant toxicity is important, as many of the stabilizing agents used in NP synthesis are highly toxic. Finally, the stability of the NPs is important to the discussion of NP toxicity. Stability of NPs and NP toxicity can be seen as the toxicological differences in the phases of TiO2. Rutile is the most thermodynamically stable form of TiO2 and is less toxic than the anatase form of TiO2. As well, CuO and ZnO NPs are sparingly soluble in aqueous solution, which can generate Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions in solution. Both Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions are toxic and complicate the interpretations of CuO and ZnO NP toxicity.

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Acknowledgments

J.G. Parsons is grateful for the generous support provided by a Departmental Grant from the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant No. BX-0048). M. Alcoutlabi would like to acknowledge the support from NSF PREM /award/ under grant No. DMR-1523577: UTRGV-UMN Partnership for Fostering Innovation by Bridging Excellence in Research and Student Success.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Brownsville, TX, USA

    J. G. Parsons

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA

    Mataz Alcoutlabi

  3. Department of Biology, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA

    R. K. Dearth

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  1. Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA

    Nilesh Sharma

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Shivendra Sahi

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Parsons, J.G., Alcoutlabi, M., Dearth, R.K. (2021). Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Toxicity in Aquatic Organisms: An Overview of Methods and Mechanisms. In: Sharma, N., Sahi, S. (eds) Nanomaterial Biointeractions at the Cellular, Organismal and System Levels. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65792-5_5

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