Abstract
Generally speaking, the problem of annihilation rates of skyrmions pertains to the realm of rare events. That is, in a direct Langevin dynamics simulation, few—if any—annihilation events are observed. That is because the small timesteps [1] required to properly resolve the precessional dynamics of magnetic spin systems entails that direct simulations are, in practice, limited to a few hundred nanoseconds. Since skyrmions are required to be stable on the scale of ten years at room temperature for data storage applications, a better method than brute force simulations is required. In this chapter, we demonstrate the use of a path sampling method for the simulation of rare events, namely the forward flux sampling method, to compute collapse rates of magnetic skyrmions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
García-Palacios JL, Lázaro FJ (1998) Langevin-dynamics study of the dynamical properties of small magnetic particles. Phys Rev B 58:14937–14958
Desplat L, Vogler C, Kim J-V, Stamps RL, Suess D (2020) Path sampling for lifetimes of metastable magnetic skyrmions and direct comparison with Kramers’ method. Phys Rev B 101(6):060403(R)
Brown WF (1963) Thermal fluctuations of a single-domain particle. Phys Rev 130:1677–1686
Coffey W, Kalmykov YP (2012) The Langevin equation: with applications to stochastic problems in physics, chemistry and electrical engineering, vol 27. World Scientific
Risken H (1996) The Fokker-Planck equation. Springer series in synergetic, vol 18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Matsumoto M, Nishimura T (1998) Mersenne twister: a 623-dimensionally equidistributed uniform pseudo-random number generator. ACM Trans Model Comput Simul (TOMACS) 8(1):3–30
Scholz W, Schrefl T, Fidler J (2001) Micromagnetic simulation of thermally activated switching in fine particles. J Magn Magn Mater 233(3):296–304
Vogler C, Bruckner F, Bergmair B, Huber T, Suess D, Dellago C (2013) Simulating rare switching events of magnetic nanostructures with forward flux sampling. Phys Rev B 88(13):134409
Allen RJ, Warren PB, ten Wolde PR (2005) Sampling rare switching events in biochemical networks. Phys Rev Lett 94:018104
Allen RJ, Frenkel D, ten Wolde PR (2006) Simulating rare events in equilibrium or nonequilibrium stochastic systems. J Chem Phys 124(2):024102
Allen RJ, Valeriani C, ten Wolde PR (2009) Forward flux sampling for rare event simulations. J Phys Condens Matter 21(46):463102
Borrero EE, Escobedo FA (2009) Simulating the kinetics and thermodynamics of transitions via forward flux/umbrella sampling. J Phys Chem B 113(18):6434–6445
Allen RJ, Frenkel D, ten Wolde PR (2006) Forward flux sampling-type schemes for simulating rare events: efficiency analysis. J Chem Phys 124(19):194111
Borrero EE, Escobedo FA (2008) Optimizing the sampling and staging for simulations of rare events via forward flux sampling schemes. J Chem Phys 129(2):024115
Vogler C, Bruckner F, Suess D, Dellago C (2015) Calculating thermal stability and attempt frequency of advanced recording structures without free parameters. J Appl Phys 117(16):163907
Kalmykov YP (2004) The relaxation time of the magnetization of uniaxial single-domain ferromagnetic particles in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. J Appl Phys 96(2):1138–1145
Coffey W, Garanin D, McCarthy D (2001) Crossover formulas in the Kramers theory of thermally activated escape rates—application to spin systems. Adv Chem Phys 117:483–765
Duff G (2008) Langer’s method for the calculation of escape rates and its application to systems of ferromagnets. PhD thesis, Dublin Institute of Technology
Moreau-Luchaire C, Moutafis C, Reyren N, Sampaio J, Vaz C, Van Horne N, Bouzehouane K, Garcia K, Deranlot C, Warnicke P et al (2016) Additive interfacial chiral interaction in multilayers for stabilization of small individual skyrmions at room temperature. Nat Nanotechnol 11(5):444–448
von Malottki S, Dupé B, Bessarab P, Delin A, Heinze S (2017) Enhanced skyrmion stability due to exchange frustration. Sci Rep 7(1):12299
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Desplat, L. (2021). Skyrmion Collapse Rate Computation via Forward Flux Sampling and Comparison with Langer’s Theory. In: Thermal Stability of Metastable Magnetic Skyrmions. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66026-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66026-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-66025-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-66026-0
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)