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Redox Role of ROS and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases

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Lung Inflammation in Health and Disease, Volume II

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1304))

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), either derived from exogenous sources or overproduced endogenously, can disrupt the body’s antioxidant defenses leading to compromised redox homeostasis. The lungs are highly susceptible to ROS-mediated damage. Oxidative stress (OS) caused by this redox imbalance leads to the pathogenesis of multiple pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). OS causes damage to important cellular components in terms of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA histone modification. Inflammation further enhances ROS production inducing changes in transcriptional factors which mediate cellular stress response pathways. This deviation from normal cell function contributes to the detrimental pathological characteristics often seen in pulmonary diseases. Although antioxidant therapies are feasible approaches in alleviating OS-related lung impairment, a comprehensive understanding of the updated role of ROS in pulmonary inflammation is vital for the development of optimal treatments. In this chapter, we review the major pulmonary diseases—including COPD, asthma, ARDS, COVID-19, and lung cancer—as well as their association with ROS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Lab, University of Maine, Presque Isle Campus, Presque Isle, ME, USA

    Li Zuo

  2. Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Li Zuo

  3. Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Denethi Wijegunawardana

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  1. Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA

    Yong-Xiao Wang

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Zuo, L., Wijegunawardana, D. (2021). Redox Role of ROS and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases. In: Wang, YX. (eds) Lung Inflammation in Health and Disease, Volume II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1304. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_11

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