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Sex and Gender Differences in Lung Disease

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Lung Inflammation in Health and Disease, Volume II

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1304))

Abstract

Sex differences in the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system have been widely reported. These intrinsic sex differences have also been shown to modulate the pathophysiology, incidence, morbidity, and mortality of several lung diseases across the life span. In this chapter, we describe the epidemiology of sex differences in respiratory diseases including neonatal lung disease (respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia) and pediatric and adult disease (including asthma, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and respiratory viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2). We also discuss the current state of research on the mechanisms underlying the observed sex differences in lung disease susceptibility and severity and the importance of considering both sex and gender variables in research studies’ design and analysis.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under awards number HL133520 and HL141618 (PS).

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  1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Patricia Silveyra

  2. National Institute of Allergy, Asthma, and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Nathalie Fuentes

  3. Clinical Simulation Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA

    Daniel Enrique Rodriguez Bauza

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  1. Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA

    Yong-Xiao Wang

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Silveyra, P., Fuentes, N., Rodriguez Bauza, D.E. (2021). Sex and Gender Differences in Lung Disease. In: Wang, YX. (eds) Lung Inflammation in Health and Disease, Volume II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1304. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_14

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