Skip to main content

Heterogeneous Software Effort Estimation via Cascaded Adversarial Auto-Encoder

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT 2020)

Abstract

In Software Effort Estimation (SEE) practice, the data drought problem has been plaguing researchers and practitioners. Leveraging heterogeneous SEE data collected by other companies is a feasible solution to relieve the data drought problem. However, how to make full use of the heterogeneous effort data to conduct SEE, which is called as Heterogeneous Software Effort Estimation (HSEE), has not been well studied. In this paper, we propose a HSEE model, called Dynamic Heterogeneous Software Effort Estimation (i.e., DHSEE), which leverages the adversarial auto-encoder and convolutional neural network techniques. Meanwhile, we have investigated the scenario of conducting HSEE with dynamically increasing effort data. Experiments on ten public datasets indicate that our approach can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art HSEE method and other competing methods on both static and dynamic SEE scenarios.

Supported by National supercomputing center in Shenzhen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://zenodo.org/communities/seacraft/search?keywords=effort.

  2. 2.

    https://sites.google.com/site/whuxyjfmq/home/see_osp_dataset.

  3. 3.

    https://github.com/CAAE-HSEE/DHSEE.

References

  1. Jorgensen, M., Shepperd, M.: A systematic review of software development cost estimation studies. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 33(1), 33–53 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2007.256943

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Idri, A., Abnane, I., Abran, A.: Evaluating Pred (p) and standardized accuracy criteria in software development effort estimation. J. Softw. Evol. Process 30(4), e1925 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/smr.1925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Minku, L.L.: A novel online supervised hyperparameter tuning procedure applied to cross-company software effort estimation. Empirical Softw. Eng. 24(5), 3153–3204 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-019-09686-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Qi, F., Jing, X.-Y., Zhu, X., Xie, X., Xu, B., Ying, S.: Grid information services for distributed resource sharing. Inf. Softw. Technol. 92, 145–157 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.07.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Boehm, B.W., Madachy, R., Steece, B.: Software cost estimation with Cocomo II with Cdrom, pp. 540–541. Prentice Hall PTR (2000). book/10.5555/557000

    Google Scholar 

  6. Symons, C.R.: Function point analysis: difficulties and improvements. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 14(1), 2–11 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1109/32.4618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Mohagheghi, P., Anda, B., Conradi, R.: Effort estimation of use cases for incremental large-scale software development. In: 27th International Conference on Software Engineering, New York, pp. 303–311. IEEE (2005). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2005.1553573

  8. Idri, A., Abnane, I., Abran, A.: Support vector regression-based imputation in analogy-based software development effort estimation. J. Softw. Evol. Process 30(12), e2114 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/smr.1925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Benala, T.R., Mall, R.: DABE: differential evolution in analogy-based software development effort estimation. Swarm Evol. Comput. 38, 158–172 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2017.07.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Silhavy, R., Silhavy, P., Prokopova, Z.: Analysis and selection of a regression model for the use case points method using a stepwise approach. J. Syst. Softw. 125, 1–14 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.11.029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Altaleb, A., Gravell, A.: An empirical investigation of effort estimation in mobile apps using agile development process. J. Softw. 14(8), 356–369 (2019). https://doi.org/10.17706/jsw.14.8.356-369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wen, J., Li, S., Lin, Z., Hu, Y., Huang, C.: Systematic literature review of machine learning based software development effort estimation models. Inf. Softw. Technol. 54(1), 41–59 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2011.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kocaguneli, E., Menzies, T., Bener, A., Keung, J.W.: Exploiting the essential assumptions of analogy-based effort estimation. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 38(2), 425–438 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2011.27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Heiat, A.: Comparison of artificial neural network and regression models for estimating software development effort. Inf. Softw. Technol. 44(15), 911–922 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(02)00128-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Jørgensen, M., Indahl, U., Sjøberg, D.: Software effort estimation by analogy and “regression toward the mean”. J. Syst. Softw. 68(3), 253–256 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0164-1212(03)00066-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sarro, F., Petrozziello, A.: Linear programming as a baseline for software effort estimation. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 27(3), 12:1–12:28 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3234940

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kocaguneli, E., Menzies, T., Mendes, E.: Transfer learning in effort estimation. Empirical Softw. Eng. 20(3), 813–843 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-014-9300-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Minku, L.L., Yao, X.: How to make best use of cross-company data in software effort estimation? In: 36th International Conference on Software Engineering, Hyderabad, pp. 446–456. IEEE (2014). https://doi.org/10.1145/2568225.2568228

  19. Tong, S., He, Q., Chen, Y., Yang, Y., Shen, B.: Heterogeneous cross-company effort estimation through transfer learning. In: 23rd Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, Hamilton, pp. 169–176. IEEE (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/APSEC.2016.033

  20. Makhzani, A., Shlens, J., Jaitly, N., Goodfellow, I., Frey, B.: Adversarial autoencoders (2015). https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.05644

  21. Creswell, A., Pouplin, A., Bharath, A.A.: Denoising adversarial autoencoders: classifying skin lesions using limited labelled training data. IET Comput. Vision 12(8), 1105–1111 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cvi.2018.5243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Nam, J., Fu, W., Kim, S., Menzies, T., Tan, L.: Heterogeneous defect prediction. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 44(9), 874–896 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2017.2720603

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Dr. Federica Sarro of Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK for providing code of the LP4EE code. This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB0204403) and the Project of Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation No. 2019M652624.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fumin Qi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Qi, F. et al. (2021). Heterogeneous Software Effort Estimation via Cascaded Adversarial Auto-Encoder. In: Zhang, Y., Xu, Y., Tian, H. (eds) Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies. PDCAT 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12606. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69244-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69244-5_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-69243-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-69244-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics