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Neurotoxicity in Psychostimulant and Opiate Addiction

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Neurotoxicity

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Abstract

Psychostimulants and opioids evoke toxicity within the central nervous system (CNS), primarily linked to action of the substance (e.g., enhancement of synaptic concentrations of dopamine) or by indirect effects (increases in extrasynaptic glutamate levels, toxic metabolites). Associated with the development of drug addiction, the above mechanisms lead to the several pathological processes within the complex network of brain cell-to-cell interactions, such as alteration in neurotransmitter systems, dysregulation of energy metabolism, changes in structure of cellular membrane, apoptosis, generation of reactive species (RS), glial/microglial cell overactivation, excitotoxicity and prominent deficits in brain morphology (neuronal loss, axonal damage), alterations of transcription factors, immediate early genes and epigenetic mechanisms, as well as neurocognitive and neuropsychological impairments.

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Abbreviations

5-HIAA:

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid

5-HT:

Serotonin

AMPA:

α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CART:

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript

CAT:

Catalase

CNS:

Central nervous system

CpG:

Cytosine-guanine dinucleotide

CREB:

cAMP response element binding

CYP450:

Cytochrome P450

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferase

EAAT:

Excitatory amino-acid transporter

FADD:

Fas-associated death domain

FasL:

Fas ligand

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

GABA:

ɣ-Aminobutyric acid

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSH:

Glutathione

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

HMT:

Histone methyltransferase

HSP72:

72-kDa heat shock protein

HVA:

Homovanillic acid

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDMA:

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

miRNA:

MicroRNA

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRS:

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

NMDA:

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid

OPRD:

Delta opioid receptor gene

OPRK:

Kappa opioid receptor gene

OPRM:

mu opioid receptor gene

PET:

Positron emission tomography

rCBF:

Cerebral blood flow

rCMR:

Regional cerebral metabolic rate

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RS:

Reactive species

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SPECT:

Single photon emission computed tomography

TH:

Tyrosine hydroxylase

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

VMAT:

Vesicular monoamine transporter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

    Ewa Niedzielska-Andres & Lucyna Pomierny-Chamioło

  2. Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

    Bartłomiej Rospond

  3. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland

    Anna Sadakierska-Chudy

  4. Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

    Małgorzata Filip

Authors
  1. Ewa Niedzielska-Andres
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  2. Bartłomiej Rospond
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  3. Lucyna Pomierny-Chamioło
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  4. Anna Sadakierska-Chudy
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  5. Małgorzata Filip
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ewa Niedzielska-Andres or Małgorzata Filip .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA

    Richard M. Kostrzewa

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Niedzielska-Andres, E., Rospond, B., Pomierny-Chamioło, L., Sadakierska-Chudy, A., Filip, M. (2022). Neurotoxicity in Psychostimulant and Opiate Addiction. In: Kostrzewa, R.M. (eds) Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71519-9_179-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71519-9_179-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-71519-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-71519-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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