Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Other Half of Urban Tourism: Research Directions in the Global South

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Urban Tourism in the Global South

Part of the book series: GeoJournal Library ((URPGS))

Abstract

In mainstream urban tourism scholarship debates there is only limited attention given to the urban global South. The ‘other half’ of urban tourism is the axis in this review and analysis. Arguably, in light of the changing global patterns of urbanization and of the shifting geography of leading destinations for urban tourism greater attention is justified towards urban settlements in the global South. The analysis discloses the appearance of an increasingly vibrant scholarship about urban tourism in the setting of the global South. In respect of sizes of urban settlement it is unsurprising that the greatest amount of attention has been paid to mega-cities and large urban centres with far less attention so far given to tourism occurring either in intermediate centres or small towns. In a comparative assessment between scholarship on urban tourism in the global North versus South there are identifiable common themes and trends in writings about urban tourism, most especially in relation to the phenomenon of inter-urban competition, questions of sustainability and planning. Nevertheless, certain important differences can be isolated. In the urban global South the environment of low incomes and informality coalesce to provide for the greater significance of certain different forms of tourism to those which are high on the urban global North agenda. Three key issues are highlighted by this ‘state of the art’ overview, namely the significance of an informal sector of tourism, the distinctive characteristics of the discretionary mobilities of the poor, and the controversies surrounding slum tourism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    In 2020 the World Bank introduced a new classification of countries: low-income, low-middle income, upper-middle income and high income. Macao SAR, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Qatar are classed as high income. As the focus of this book is South Africa, which the World Bank classifies as falling in the category of upper-middle income bracket, the high income urban destinations are viewed as Norths within the South and thus not included in our research overview of the global South.

  2. 2.

    This section builds upon and extends certain of the discussion presented in Rogerson and Saarinen (2018).

References

  • Aall, C., & Koens, K. (2019). The discourse on sustainable urban tourism: The need for discussing more than overtourism. Sustainability, 11(15), 4228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adam, I. (2013). Urban hotel development patterns in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Tourism Planning and Development, 10, 85–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adam, I., & Amuquandoh, F. E. (2013a). Hotel characteristics and location decisions in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Tourism Geographies, 16(4), 653–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adam, I., & Amuquandoh, F. E. (2013b). Dimensions of hotel location decisions in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Tourism Management Perspectives, 8, 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adie, B. A., & Cepeda, R. G. (2018). Film tourism and cultural performance: Mexico City’s day of the dead parade. In E. Kromidha & S. Deesilatham (Eds.), Inclusive innovation for enhanced local experience in tourism: Workshop proceedings, Phuket, Thailand, pp. 33–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alliance, C. (2014). Africa regional strategy: Final document. Brussels: Cities Alliance.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amanpour, M., & Nikfetrat, M. (2020). The effect of urban tourism on economic sustainable development of Sari City. Iranian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(1), 87–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amore, A., & Hall, C. M. (2017). National and urban public policy in tourism: Towards the emergence of a hyperneoliberal script? International Journal of Tourism Policy, 7(1), 4–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amore, A., & Roy, H. (2020). Blending foodscapes and urban touristscapes: International tourism and city marketing in Indian cities. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 6(3), 639–655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angelini, A. (2020). A favela that yields fruit: Community-based tour guides as brokers in the political economy of cultural difference. Space and Culture, 23(1), 15–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashworth, G. J. (1989). Urban tourism: An imbalance in attention. Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, 1, 33–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashworth, G. J. (2012). Do we understand urban tourism? Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 1(4), 1–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashworth, G. J., & Page, S. (2011). Urban tourism research: Recent progress and current paradoxes. Tourism Management, 32(1), 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aukland, K. (2018). At the confluence of leisure and devotion: Hindu pilgrimage and domestic tourism in India. Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 6(1), 18–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avieli, N. (2013). What is ‘local food’?: Dynamic culinary heritage in the world heritage site of Hoi An, Vietnam. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 8(2–3), 120–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bao, J., Li, M., & Liang, Z. (2020). Urban tourism in China. In S. Huang & G. Chen (Eds.), Handbook on tourism and China (pp. 116–130). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgart, S., & Kreibich, V. (2011). Informal urbanization – Historical and geographical perspectives. disP – The Planning Review, 47(187), 12–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellini, N., Go, F.M., & Pasquinelli, C. (2017). Urban tourism and city development: Notes for an integrated policy agenda. In N. Bellini & C. Pasquinelli (Eds.), Tourism In The City: Towards an Integrative Agenda on Urban Tourism (pp. 333–339). Cham: SpringerTourism

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhati, A., & Pearce, P. (2017). Tourist attractions in Bangkok and Singapore; linking vandalism and setting characteristics. Tourism Management, 63, 15–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhoola, S. (2020). Halal food tourism: Perceptions of relevance and viability for South African destinations. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(3), 288–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogale, D., & Wondirad, A. (2019). Determinant factors of tourist satisfaction in Arbaminch City and its vicinity, southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 9(4), 320–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Booyens, I. (2010). Rethinking township tourism: Towards responsible tourism development in South African townships. Development Southern Africa, 27(2), 273–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Booyens, I. (2021). The evolution of township tourism in South Africa. In J. Saarinen & J. M. Rogerson (Eds.), Tourism, change and the global South. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Booyens, I., & Rogerson, C. M. (2019a). Creative tourism: South African township explorations. Tourism Review, 74(2), 256–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Booyens, I., & Rogerson, C. M. (2019b). Recreating slum tourism: Perspectives from South Africa. Urbani izziv, 30(Supplement), 52–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, K. (2015). Policy choice, social structure, and international tourism in Buenos Aires, Havana and Rio de Janeiro. Latin American Research Review, 50(3), 135–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brouder, P. (2020). Reset redux: Possible evolutionary pathways towards the transformation of tourism in a COVID-19 world. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 484–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brouder, P., & Ioannides, D. (2014). Urban tourism and evolutionary economic geography: Complexity and co-evolution in contested spaces. Urban Forum, 25(4), 419–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buning, M., & Grunau, T. (2014) Touring Katutura!: Developments, structures and representations in township tourism in Windhoek (Namibia). Paper presented at the Destination Slum! 2 Conference, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, 14–16 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgold, J., & Rolfes, M. (2013). Of voyeuristic safari tours and responsible tourism with educational value: Observing moral communication in slum and township tourism in Cape Town and Mumbai. Die Erde, 144(2), 161–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrai, E., Mostafanezhad, M., & Hannam, K. (2017). Moral assemblages of volunteer tourism development in Cusco, Peru. Tourism Geographies, 19(3), 362–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burton, C., Rogerson, C. M., & Rogerson, J. M. (2020). The making of a ‘big 5’ game reserve as an urban tourism destination: Dinokeng, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(6), 892–911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantu, L. (2002). De ambiente: Queer tourism and the shifting boundaries of Mexican male sexualities. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 8(1–2), 139–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlisle, S., Johansen, A., & Kunc, M. (2016). Strategic foresight for (coastal) urban tourism market complexity: The case of Bournemouth. Tourism Management, 54, 81–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cejas, M. I. (2006). Tourism in shantytowns and slums: A new “contact zone” in the era of globalization. Intercultural Communication Studies, 15(2), 224–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chand, M., Dahiya, A., & Patil, L. S. (2007). Gastronomy tourism – A tool for promoting Jharkhand as a tourist destination. Atna Journal of Tourism Studies, 2, 88–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheer, J. (2020). Human flourishing, tourism transformation and COVID-19: A conceptual touchstone. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 514–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chege, P. W., & Mwisukha, A. (2013). Benefits of slum tourism in Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 2(4), 94–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, M., & Carré, F. (Eds.). (2020). The informal economy revisited: Examining the past, envisioning the future. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, M., Roever, S., & Skinner, C. (2016). Urban livelihoods: Reframing theory and policy. Environment and Urbanization, 28(2), 331–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Q., & Huang, R. (2016). Understanding the importance of food tourism in Chongqing, China. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 22(1), 42–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chianeh, R. H., del Chiappa, G., & Ghasemi, V. (2018). Cultural and religious tourism development in Iran: Prospects and challenges. Anatolia, 29(2), 204–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christie, I., Fernandes, E., Messerli, H., & Twining-Ward, L. (2013). Tourism in Africa: Harnessing tourism for growth and improved livelihoods. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coca-Stefaniak, J. A., & Seisdedos, G. (2021). Smart urban tourism destinations at a crossroads – Being ‘smart’ and urban are no longer enough. In A. M. Morrison & J. A. Coca-Stefaniak (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of tourism cities. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coca-Stefaniak, J. A., Morrison, A. M., Edwards, D., Graburn, N., Liu, C., Ooi, C. S., Pearce, P., Stepchenkova, S., Richards, G. W., So, A., Spirou, C., Dinnie, K., Heeley, J., Puczkó, L., Shen, H., Selby, M., Kim, H.-B., & Du, G. (2016). Editorial: Views from the editorial board of the International Journal of Tourism Cities. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(4), 273–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E., & Cohen, S. A. (2015a). A mobilities approach to tourism from emerging world regions. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(1), 11–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E., & Cohen, S. A. (2015b). Beyond Eurocentrism in tourism: A paradigm shift in mobilities. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(2), 157–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colantonio, A. (2004). Tourism in Havana during the special period: Impacts, residents’ perceptions, and planning issues. Cuba in Transition, 14(2), 20–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colantonio, A., & Potter, R. B. (2006). Urban tourism and development in the socialist state: Havana during the special period. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coles, C., & Mitchell, J. (2009). Pro poor analysis of the business and conference value chain in Accra: Final report. London: Overseas Development Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colomb, C., & Novy, J. (Eds.). (2016). Protest and resistance in the tourist city. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Condevaux, A., Djament-Tran, G., & Gravari-Barbas, M. (2016). Before and after tourism(s) – The trajectories of tourist destinations and the role of actors involved in “off-the-beaten track” tourism: A literature review. Via@Tourism Review, 1(9), 2–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cong, L., Wu, B., Morrison, A. M., & Xi, K. (2014). The spatial distribution and clustering of convention facilities in Beijing, China. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(9), 1070–1090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crush, J., & Chikanda, A. (2015). South-south medical tourism and the quest for health in southern Africa. Social Science and Medicine, 124, 313–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crush, J., Skinner, C., & Chikanda, A. (2015). Informal migrant entrepreneurship and inclusive growth in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique (Migration policy series no. 68). Cape Town: The Southern African Migration Programme.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz, F. G. S., Tito, J. C., Perez-Galvez, J. C., & Medina-Viruel, M. J. (2019). Gastronomic experiences of foreign tourists in developing countries: The case in the city of Oruro (Bolivia). Heliyon, 5(7), e02011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cudny, W., Michalski, T., & Ruba, R. (Eds.). (2012). Tourism and the transformation of large cities in the post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Lódz: University of Lódz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Da Cunha, N. V. (2019). Public policies and tourist saturation in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro. In C. Milano, J. M. Cheer, & M. Novelli (Eds.), Overtourism; excesses, discontent and measures in travel and tourism (pp. 152–166). Wallingford: CABI.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Daskalopoulou, I., & Petrou, A. (2009). Urban tourism competitiveness: Networks and the regional asset base. Urban Studies, 46(4), 779–801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Jesus, D. S. V. (2020). The boys of summer: Gay sex tourism in Rio de Janeiro. Advances in Anthropology, 10, 125–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Lama, E. A., de la Corte Bacci, D., Martins, L., Gracia, M. D. G. M., & Dehira, L. K. (2015). Urban geotourism and the old centre of São Paulo City, Brazil. Geoheritage, 7, 147–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Parra, I., & Jover, J. (2021). Overtourism, place alienation and the right to the city: Insights from the historic centre of Seville, Spain. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2–3), 158–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diekmann, A., & Hannam, K. (2012). Touristic mobilities in India’s slum spaces. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(3), 1315–1336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dirksmeier, P., & Helbrecht, I. (2015). Resident perceptions of new urban tourism: A neglected geography of prejudice. Geography Compass, 9(5), 276–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixit, S. K. (Ed.). (2021). Tourism in Asian cities. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dovey, K. (2015). Sustainable informal settlements. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 179, 5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dovey, K., & King, R. (2012). Informal urbanism and the taste for slums. Tourism Geographies, 14(2), 275–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drummond, J., & Drummond, F. (2021). The historical evolution of the cultural and creative economy of Mahikeng, South Africa: Implications for contemporary policy. In R. Comunian, B. J. Hracs, & L. England (Eds.), Developing creative economies in Africa: Policies and practice (pp. 97–112). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duchesneau-Custeau, A. (2020). ‘Theirs seemed like a lot more fun’: Favela tourism, commoditization of poverty and stereotypes of the self and the other. Masters paper in Globalization and International Development, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumbrovská, V., & Fialová, D. (2014). Tourist intensity in capital cities in Central Europe: Comparative analysis of tourism in Prague, Vienna and Budapest. Czech Journal of Tourism, 1, 5–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dürr, E., & Jaffe, R. (2012). Theorising slum tourism: Performing, negotiating and transforming inequality. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 93, 113–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dürr, E., Jaffe, R., & Jones, G. A. (2020). Brokers and tours: Selling urban poverty and violence in Latin America and the Caribbean. Space and Culture, 23(1), 4–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, P. (2012). Slum tourism: Representing and interpreting ‘reality’ in Dharavi, Mumbai. Tourism Geographies, 14(2), 254–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ele, C. O. (2017). Religious tourism in Nigeria: The economic perspective. Online Journal of Arts, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1), 220–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faisal, A., Albrecht, J. N., & Coetzee, W. J. L. (2020). Renegotiating organisational crisis management in urban tourism: Strategic imperatives of niche construction. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 6(4), 885–905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, S., & Visser, G. (2007). Creating an African Riviera: Revisiting the impact of the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront development in Cape Town. Urban Forum, 18(3), 227–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, R., Mas, I. M., Blanco-Romero, A., & Blázquez-Salom, M. (2019). Tourism and degrowth: An emerging agenda for research and praxis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1745–1763.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Florida, R., Rodriguez-Pose, A., & Storper, M. (2020). Cities in a post-COVID world (Utrecht University papers in evolutionary geography no 20.41). Utrecht: Utrecht University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freire-Medeiros, B. (2014). Tourism and poverty. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Freire-Medeiros, B., Vilarouca, M. G., & Menezes, P. (2013). International tourists in a ‘pacified’ favela: The case of Santa Marta, Rio de Janeiro. Die Erde, 144(2), 147–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, F. (2013). Slum tourism in the context of the tourism and poverty (relief) debate. Die Erde, 144, 117–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, F. (2016). Slumming it: The tourist valorization of urban poverty. London: Zed.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, F. (2017). Tourist agency as valorisation: Making Dharavi into a tourist attraction. Annals of Tourism Research, 66, 159–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, F. (2019). Slum tourism. In The Wiley Blackwell encyclopaedia of urban and regional studies. Retrieved from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0427

  • Frenzel, F. (2020). Touring poverty in townships, inner-city and rural South Africa. In J. M. Rogerson & G. Visser (Eds.), New directions in South African tourism geographies (pp. 167–181). Cham: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, F., & Blakeman, S. (2015). Making slums into attractions: The role of tour guiding in the slum tourism development in Kibera and Dharavi. Tourism Review International, 19(1–2), 87–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, F., & Koens, K. (2012). Slum tourism: Developments in a young field interdisciplinary tourism research. Tourism Geographies, 14(2), 195–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, F., & Koens, K. (Eds.). (2016). Tourism and geographies of inequality: The new global slumming phenomenon. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, F., Koens, K., & Steinbrink, M. (Eds.). (2012). Slum tourism: Poverty, power and ethics. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, F., Koens, K., Steinbrink, M., & Rogerson, C. M. (2015). Slum tourism: State of the art. Tourism Review International, 18, 237–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, T. (2012). Glimpses of another world: The favela as a tourist attraction. Tourism Geographies, 14, 320–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Füller, H., & Boris, M. (2014). ‘Stop being a tourist!’ New dynamics of urban tourism in Berlin-Kreuzberg. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(4), 1304–1318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gálvez, J. C. P., López-Guzmán, T., Buiza, F. C., & Medina-Viruel, M. J. (2017). Gastronomy as an element of attraction in a tourist destination: The case of Lima, Peru. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 4(4), 254–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gálvez, J. C. P., Gallo, L. S. P., Medina-Viruel, M. J., & López-Guzman, T. (2020). Segmentation of tourists that visit the city of Popayán (Colombia) according to their interest in gastronomy. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428052.2020.1738298.

  • George, R., & Booyens, I. (2014). Township tourism demand: Tourists’ perceptions of safety and security. Urban Forum, 25(4), 449–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghani, E., & Kanbur, R. (2013). Urbanization and (in) formalization. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gladstone, D. (2005). From pilgrimage to package tour: Travel and tourism in the Third World. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, S. (2011). Bilbao and Barcelona ‘in motion’: How urban regeneration ‘models’ travel and mutate in the global flows of policy tourism. Urban Studies, 48(7), 1397–1418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González-Pérez, J. M. (2020). The dispute over tourist cities: Tourism gentrification in the historic centre of Palma (Majorca, Spain). Tourism Geographies, 22(1), 171–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gowreesunkar, V. G., Seraphin, H., & Nazimuddin, M. (2020). Beggarism and black market tourism – A case study of the city of Chaar Minaar in Hyderabad (India). International Journal of Tourism Cities. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-12-2019-0210.

  • Grant, R. (2015). Africa: Geographies of change. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gravari-Barbas, M., & Guinand, S. (2021). Tourism and gentrification. In A. M. Morrison & J. A. Coca-Stefaniak (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of tourism cities. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, D., & Rogerson, J. M. (2015). The serviced apartment industry of South Africa: A new phenomenon in urban tourism. Urban Forum, 26, 467–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, D., & Rogerson, J. M. (2018). Accommodating business travellers: The organisation and spaces of serviced apartments in Cape Town, South Africa. Bulletin of Geography, 42, 83–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, D., & Rogerson, J. M. (2019). The serviced apartment sector in the urban global South: Evidence from Johannesburg, South Africa. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 26(3), 916–929.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, J. J. (2016). Creative industries and urban regeneration – The Maboneng Precinct, Johannesburg. Local Economy, 31(1–2), 158–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. M. (2002). Tourism in capital cities. Tourism – An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 50(3), 235–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. M., Scott, D., & Gössling, S. (2020). Pandemics, transformations and tourism: Be careful what you wish for. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 577–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hannam, K., & Zuev, D. (2020). Revisiting the local in Macau under COVID-19. ATLAS Tourism and Leisure Review, 2020-2, 19–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayllar, B., & Griffin, T. (2005). The precinct experience: A phenomenological approach. Tourism Management, 26, 517–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayllar, B., Griffin, T., & Edwards, D. (Eds.). (2008). City spaces – Tourism spaces: Urban tourism precincts. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haywood, K. M. (1992). Identifying and responding to challenges posed by urban tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 17(2), 9–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heeley, J. (2011). Inside city tourism: A European perspective. Bristol: Channel View.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J. (2006). Tourism in Dubai: Overcoming barriers to destination development. International Journal of Tourism Research, 8, 87–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J. (2014). Global Gulf cities and tourism: A review of Abu Dhabi, Doha and Dubai. Tourism Recreation Research, 39(1), 107–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J. (2015a). The development of tourist destinations in the Gulf: Oman and Qatar compared. Tourism Planning and Development, 12(3), 350–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J. (2015b). Destination development and transformation – 50 years of tourism after independence in Singapore. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(4), 269–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Garcia, J. (2013). Slum tourism, city branding and social urbanism: The case of Medellin, Colombia. Journal of Place Management and Development, 6(1), 43–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020a). COVID-19 and tourism: Reclaiming tourism as a social force. ATLAS Tourism and Leisure Review, 2020-2, 65–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020b). The “war over tourism”: Challenges to sustainable tourism in the tourism academy after COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1803334.

  • Hoffman, L. M., Fainstein, S. S., & Judd, D. R. (Eds.). (2003). Cities and visitors: Regulating people, markets and city space. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holst, T. (2015). Touring the demolished slum?: Slum tourism in the face of Delhi’s gentrification. Tourism Review International, 18, 283–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holst, T. (2018). The affective negotiation of slum tourism: City walks in Delhi. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Holst, T., Frisch, T., Frenzel, F., Steinbrink, M., & Koens, K. (2017). The complex geographies of inequality in contemporary slum tourism. In Call for papers for the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horner, R., & Carmody, P. (2020). Global North/South. In A. Kobayashi (Ed.), International encyclopedia of human geography (Vol. 6, 2nd ed., pp. 181–187). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • i Agusti, D. P. (2020). Mapping tourist hot spots in African cities based on Instagram images. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(5), 617–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ihalanayake, R. (2009). Awaiting attention: Profiling the domestic tourism sector in Sri Lanka. In S. Singh (Ed.), Domestic tourism in Asia (pp. 253–266). London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ioannides, D., & Petridou, E. (2016). Contingent neoliberalism and urban tourism in the United States. In J. Mosedale (Ed.), Neoliberalism and the political economy of tourism (pp. 21–36). Avebury: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwanicki, G., & Dłużewska, A. (2015). Potential of city break clubbing tourism in Wroclaw. Bulletin of Geography: Socio-Economic Series, 28, 77–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwanicki, G., Dłużewska, A., & Kay, M. S. (2016). Assessing the level of popularity of European stag tourism destinations. Quaestiones Geographicae, 35(3), 15–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaguaribe, B., & Hetherington, K. (2004). Favela tours: Indistinct and maples representations of the real in Rio de Janeiro. In M. Sheller & J. Urry (Eds.), Tourism mobilities: Places to play (pp. 155–166). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, W., & Sunalai, P. (2002). The management of urban tourism destination: The cases of Klong Khwang and Phima, Thailand. Pathumthani, Thailand: Urban Management Programme – Asia Occasional Paper, 56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey, H. L., Vorobjovas-Pinta, O., & Sposato, M. (2017). It takes two to tango: Straight-friendly Buenos Aires. In Critical tourism studies VII conference: Book of abstracts, 25–29 June. Palma de Mallorca, Spain, p. 77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joksimović, M., Golic, R., Vujadinović, S., Sabić, D., Popović, D. J., & Barnfield, G. (2014). Restoring tourism flows and regenerating city’s image: The case of Belgrade. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(3), 220–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. A., & Sanyal, R. (2015). Spectacle and suffering: The Mumbai slum as a worlded space. Geoforum, 65, 431–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jurado, K. C., & Matovelle, P. T. (2019). Assessment of tourist security in Quito city through importance-performance analysis. Tourism – An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 67(1), 73–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaczmarek, S. (2018). Ruinisation and regeneration in the tourism space of Havana. Turyzm, 28(2), 7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadar, B. (2013). Differences in the spatial patterns of urban tourism in Vienna and Prague. Urbani izziv, 24(2), 96–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalandides, A. (2011). City marketing for Bogotá: A case study in integrated place branding. Journal of Place Management and Development, 4(3), 282–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamete, A. Y. (2013). On handling urban informality in southern Africa. Geografiska Annaler Series B, 95, 17–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanai, M. (2014). Buenos Aires, capital of tango: Tourism, redevelopment and the cultural politics of neoliberal urbanism. Urban Geography, 35(8), 1111–1117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karski, A. (1990). Urban tourism – A key to urban regeneration. The Planner, 76(13), 15–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaushal, V., & Yadav, R. (2020). Understanding customer experience of culinary tourism through food tours of Delhi. International Journal of Tourism Cities. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-08-2019-0135.

  • Ketter, E. (2020). Millennial travel: Tourism micro-trends of European Generation Y. Journal of Tourism Futures. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-10-2019-0106.

  • Khoo, S. L., & Badarulzaman, N. (2014). Factors determining George Town as a city of gastronomy. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(4), 371–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khusnutdinova, S. R., Sadretdinov, D. F., & Khusnutdinov, R. R. (2019). Tourism as a factor of city development in the post-industrial economy. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 131, 886–890.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieti, D. M., & Magio, K. O. (2013). The ethical and local resident perspectives of slum tourism in Kenya. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 1(1), 37–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koens, K., & Thomas, R. (2015). Is small beautiful? Understanding the contribution of small businesses in township tourism to economic development. Development Southern Africa, 32(3), 320–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koens, K., Postma, A., & Papp, B. (2018). Is overtourism overused?: Understanding the impact of tourism in a city context. Sustainability, 10(12), 4384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komaladewi, R., Mulyana, A., & Jatnika, D. (2017). The representation of culinary experience as the future of Indonesian tourism cases in Bandung city, West Java. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 2(5), 268–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korstanje, M. E., & Baker, D. (2018). Politics of dark tourism: The case of Cromanon and ESMA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. In P. Stone, R. Hartmann, T. Seaton, R. Sharpley, & L. White (Eds.), Handbook of dark tourism (pp. 533–552). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotus, J., Rzeszewski, M., & Ewertowski, W. (2015). Tourists in the spatial structures of a big Polish city: Development of an uncontrolled patchwork or concentric spheres? Tourism Management, 50, 98–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ladkin, A., & Bertramini, A. M. (2002). Collaborative tourism planning: A case study of Cusco, Peru. Current Issues in Tourism, 5(2), 71–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, J. (2020). Ordinary tourism and extraordinary everyday life: Re-thinking tourism and cities. In T. Frisch, C. Sommer, L. Stoltenberg, & N. Stors (Eds.), Tourism and everyday life in the contemporary city. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Law, C. M. (1992). Urban tourism and its contribution to economic regeneration. Urban Studies, 29, 599–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Law, C. M. (1993). Urban tourism: Attracting visitors to large cities. London: Mansell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Law, C. M. (1996). Introduction. In C. M. Law (Ed.), Tourism in major cities (pp. 1–22). London: International Thomson Business Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J. (2008). Riad fever: Heritage tourism, urban renewal and the medina property boom in old cities of Morocco. E Review of Tourism Research, 6, 66–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, L., Musavengane, R., & Siakweh, P. (Eds.). (2021). Sustainable urban tourism in sub-Saharan Africa. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lertwannawit, A., & Gulid, N. (2011). International tourists service quality perception and behavioral loyalty toward medical tourism in Bangkok metropolitan area. Journal of Applied Business Research, 27(6), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Pearce, P. L., Morrison, A. M., & Wu, B. (2016). Up in smoke?: The impact of smog on risk perception and satisfaction of international tourists in Beijing. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(4), 373–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, M., & Wu, B. (2013). Urban tourism in China. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, L., Wu, B., Morrison, A. M., & Ling, R. S. J. (2015). Why dwell in a hutongtel?: Tourist accommodation preferences and guest segmentation for Beijing hutongtels. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(2), 171–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loazya, N. V. (2016). Informality in the process of development and growth. The World Economy, 39(12), 1856–1916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lunchaprasith, T. (2017). Gastronomic experience as a community development driver: The study of Amphawa floating market as community-based culinary tourism destination. Asian Journal of Tourism Research, 2(2), 84–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, B. (2010). A trip into the controversy: A study of slum tourism travel motivations. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahler, A. G. (2018). From the tricontinental to the global South: Race, radicalism and transnational solidarity. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, R. (2012a). Global change and tourism in national capitals. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(1–2), 1–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, R. (2012b). Capitalness is contingent: Tourism and national capitals in a globalised world. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(1–2), 3–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, R. (2016). Everyday tourism in a world tourism city: Getting backstage in London. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies, 1(1), 13–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, R., & Newman, P. (2009). Developing world tourism cities. In R. Maitland & P. Newman (Eds.), World tourism cities: Developing tourism off the beaten track (pp. 1–21). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, R., & Ritchie, B. W. (Eds.). (2009). City tourism: National capital perspectives. Wallingford: CABI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mbaiwa, J. E., Toteng, E. N., & Moswete, N. (2007). Problems and prospects for the development of urban tourism in Gaborone and Maun. Development Southern Africa, 24, 725–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mbatia, T. W., & Owuor, S. (2014). Prospects for urban eco-tourism in Nairobi, Kenya: Experiences from the Karura forest reserve. African Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(3), 184–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGehee, N. G., & Andereck, K. (2009). Volunteer tourism and the “voluntoured”: The case of Tijuana, Mexico. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(1), 39–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKay, T. (2013). Leaping into urban adventure: Orlando bungee, Soweto, South Africa. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 18(Supplement), 55–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay, T. (2017). The South African adventure tourism economy: An urban phenomenon. Bulletin of Geography: Socio-Economic Series, 37, 63–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay, T. (2020). Locating great white shark tourism in Gansbaai, South Africa within the global shark tourism economy. In J. M. Rogerson & G. Visser (Eds.), New directions in South African tourism geographies (pp. 283–297). Cham: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mekawy, M. A. (2012). Responsible slum tourism: Egyptian experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 2092–2113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza, C. (2013). Beyond sex tourism: Gay tourists and male sex workers in Puerto Vallarta (Western Mexico). International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(2), 122–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikulić, D., & Petrić, L. (2014). Can culture and tourism be the foothold of urban regeneration?: A Croatian case study. Tourism – An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 62(4), 377–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milano, C., Novelli, M., & Cheer, J. M. (2019). Overtourism and degrowth: A social movements perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1857–1875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D., Merrilees, B., & Coghlan, A. (2015). Sustainable urban tourism: Understanding and developing pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), 26–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miraftab, F., & Kudva, N. (Eds.). (2015). Cities of the global South reader. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J., & Ashley, C. (2010). Tourism and poverty reduction: Pathways to prosperity. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mogaka, J. J. O., Mupara, L. M., Mashamba-Thompson, T. P., & Tsoka-Gwegweni, J. M. (2017). Geo-location and range of medical tourism services in Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(1), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montes, G. C., & de Pinho Bernabé, S. (2020). The impact of violence on tourism to Rio de Janeiro. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(4), 425–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno-Gil, S., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2020). Guest editorial. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 6(1), 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, A. M., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (Eds.). (2021). The Routledge handbook of tourism cities. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muldoon, M., & Mair, H. (2016). Blogging slum tourism: A critical discourse analysis of travel blogs. Tourism Analysis, 21(5), 465–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Műller, M. (2020). In search of the global East: Thinking between North and South. Geopolitics, 25(3), 734–755.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murillo, J., Vaya, E., Romani, J., & Surinach, J. (2011). How important to a city are tourists and daytrippers?: The economic impact of tourism on the city of Barcelona. Barcelona: University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musavengane, R., Siakweh, P., & Leonard, L. (2020). The nexus between tourism and urban risk: Towards inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable outdoor tourism in African cities. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 29, 100254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, G. (2020). Rethinking urbanism: Lessons from postcolonialism and the global South. Bristol: Bristol University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Naicker, M. S., & Rogerson, J. M. (2017). Urban food markets: A new leisure phenomenon in South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(3), 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niewiadomski, P. (2020). COVID-19: From temporary de-globalisation to a rediscovery of tourism? Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 651–656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nisbett, M. (2017). Empowering the empowered?: Slum tourism and the depoliticization of poverty. Geoforum, 85, 37–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nobre, E. A. C. (2002). Urban regeneration experiences in Brazil: Historical preservation, tourism development and gentrification in Salvador da Bahia. Urban Design International, 7, 109–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novy, J. (2011). Marketing marginalized neighbourhoods: Tourism and leisure in the 21st century inner city. PhD dissertation, Columbia University, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novy, J., & Colomb, C. (2019). Urban tourism as a source of contention and social mobilisations: A critical review. Tourism Planning and Development, 16(4), 358–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyerere, V. C. Y., Ngaruko, D., & Mlozi, S. (2020). The mediating role of strategic planning on the determinants of sustainable urban tourism: Empirical evidence from Tanzania. African Journal of Economic Review, 8(1), 198–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2020). Rebuilding tourism for the future: COVID-19 policy response and recovery. Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oldfield, S., & Parnell, S. (2014). From the South. In S. Parnell & S. Oldfield (Eds.), The Routledge handbook on cities of the global South (pp. 1–4). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Opfermann, L. S. (2020). Walking in Jozi: Guided tours, insecurity and urban regeneration in inner city Johannesburg. Global Policy. https://doi.org/10.1011/1758-5899.12809.

  • Oppermann, M., Din, K. H., & Amri, S. Z. (1996). Urban hotel location and evolution in a developing country: The case of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tourism Recreation Research, 2, 55–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page, S. J., & Connell, J. (2006). Tourism: A modern synthesis. London: Thomson Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panasiuk, A. (2019). Crises in the functioning of urban tourism destinations. Studia Periegetica, 27(3), 13–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandy, W. R., & Rogerson, C. M. (2019). Urban tourism and climate change: Risk perceptions of business tourism stakeholders in Johannesburg, South Africa. Urbani izziv, 30(Supplement), 225–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, J., Wu, B., Shen, Y., Morrison, A. M., & Kong, Y. (2014). The great halls of China?: Meeting planners’ perceptions of Beijing as an international convention destination. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 15(4), 244–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parnell, S., & Oldfield, S. (Eds.). (2014). The Routledge handbook on cities of the global South. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parnell, S., & Pieterse, E. (Eds.). (2014). Africa’s urban revolutions. London: Zed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parvin, M., Razavian, M. T., & Tavakolinia, J. (2020). Importance of urban tourism planning in Tehran with economic approach. Iranian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(4), 95–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasquinelli, C. (2015). Urban tourism(s): Is there a case for a paradigm shift? (Cities research unit working papers no. 14). L’ Aquila: Gran Sasso Science Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasquinelli, C., & Bellini, N. (2017). Global context, policies and practices in urban tourism: An introduction. In N. Bellini & C. Pasquinelli (Eds.), Tourism in the city: Towards an integrative agenda on urban tourism (pp. 1–25). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasquinelli, C., & Trunfio, M. (2020a). Overtouristified cities: An online news media narrative analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(11), 1805–1824.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pasquinelli, C., & Trunfio, M. (2020b). Reframing overtourism through the smart city lens. Cities, 102(July), 102729.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, D. (2015). Urban management, destination management and urban destination management: A comparative review with issues and examples from New Zealand. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(1), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pechlaner, H., Innerhofer, E., & Erschbamer, G. (Eds.). (2020). Overtourism: Tourism management and solutions. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pike, A., Rodriguez-Pose, A., & Tomaney, J. (2014). Local and regional development in the global North and South. Progress in Development Studies, 14(1), 21–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinke-Sziva, I., Smith, M., Olt, G., & Berezvai, Z. (2019). Overtourism and the night-time economy: A case study of Budapest. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(1), 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pophiwa, N. (2020). Shopping-oriented mobility across the Zimbabwe-South Africa border: Modalities and encounters. In C. Nshimbi & I. Moyo (Eds.), Borders, mobility, regional integration and development (pp. 65–83). Cham: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Postma, A., Buda, D.-M., & Gugerell, K. (2017). Editorial. Journal of Tourism Futures, 3(2), 95–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pu, B., Teah, M., & Phau, I. (2019). Hot chilli peppers, tears and sweat: How experiencing Sichuan cuisine will influence intention to visit city of origin. Sustainability, 11(13), 3561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabbiosi, C. (2016). Developing participatory tourism in Milan, Italy: A critical analysis of two case studies. Via@Tourism Review, 1(9), 2–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, G. (2014). Creativity and tourism in the city. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(2), 119–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards, G. (2020). Designing creative places: The role of creative tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 85, 102922.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards, G., & Roariu, I. (2015). Developing the eventful city in Sibiu, Romania. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(2), 89–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rink, B. (2013). Que(e)rying Cape Town: Touring Africa’s ‘gay capital’ with the Pink Map. In J. Sarmento & E. Brito-Henriques (Eds.), Tourism in the global South: Heritages, identities and development (pp. 65–90). Lisbon: Centre for Geographical Studies, University of Lisbon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rink, B. (2020). Cruising nowhere: A South African contribution to cruise tourism. In J. M. Rogerson & G. Visser (Eds.), New directions in South African tourism geographies (pp. 249–266). Cham: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rockefeller Foundation. (2009). Century of the city. Washington, DC: The Rockefeller Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, P., Cruz, F. G. S., Gallo, S. M. P., & López-Guzmán, T. (2020). Gastronomic satisfaction of the tourist: Empirical study in the creative city of Popayán, Colombia. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 7, 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (1997). Globalization or informalization?: African urban economies in the 1990s. In C. Rakodi (Ed.), Managing urban growth in Africa (pp. 337–370). Tokyo: The United Nations University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2002a). Tourism-led local economic development: The South African experience. Urban Forum, 13, 95–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2002b). Urban tourism in the developing world: The case of Johannesburg. Development Southern Africa, 19, 169–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2004). Urban tourism and small tourism enterprise development in Johannesburg: The case of township tourism. GeoJournal, 60, 249–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2006). Creative industries and urban tourism: South African perspectives. Urban Forum, 17, 149–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2013). Urban tourism, economic regeneration and inclusion: Evidence from South Africa. Local Economy, 28(2), 186–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2015a). Unpacking business tourism mobilities in sub-Saharan Africa. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(1), 44–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2015b). Revisiting VFR tourism in South Africa. South African Geographical Journal, 97(2), 183–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2016a). Outside the cities: Tourism pathways in South Africa’s small towns and rural areas. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(3), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2016b). Secondary cities and tourism: The South African record. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(2), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2017a). Visiting friends and relatives matters in sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(3), 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2017b). Unpacking directions and spatial patterns of VFR travel mobilities in the global South: Insights from South Africa. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19, 466–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2018a). Informality, migrant entrepreneurs and Cape Town’s inner-city economy. Bulletin of Geography: Socio-Economic Series, 40, 157–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2018b). Informal sector city tourism: Cross border shoppers in Johannesburg. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 22(2), 372–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M. (2019). Globalisation, place-based development and tourism. In D. Timothy (Ed.), Handbook of globalisation and tourism (pp. 44–53). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Baum, T. (2020). COVID-19 and African tourism research agendas. Development Southern Africa, 37(5), 727–741.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Letsie, T. (2013). Informal sector business tourism in the global South: Evidence from Maseru, Lesotho. Urban Forum, 24, 485–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Mthombeni, T. (2015). From slum tourism to slum tourists: Township resident mobilities in South Africa. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 24(3–4), 319–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Rogerson, J. M. (2014). Urban tourism destinations in South Africa: Divergent trajectories 2001–2012. Urbani izziv, 25(Supplement), S189–S203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Rogerson, J. M. (2017). City tourism in South Africa: Diversity and change. Tourism Review International, 21(2), 193–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Rogerson, J. M. (2019a). Emergent planning for South Africa’s blue economy: Evidence from coastal and marine tourism. Urbani izziv, 30(Supplement), 24–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Rogerson, J. M. (2019b). Tourism in South Africa’s borderland regions: A spatial view. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 24(1), 175–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Rogerson, J. M. (2020). COVID-19 and tourism spaces of vulnerability in South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(4), 382–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Rogerson, J. M. (2021). City tourism in southern Africa: Progress and issues. In M. Novelli, E. A. Adu-Ampong, & M. A. Ribeiro (Eds.), Routledge handbook of tourism in Africa (pp. 447–458). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Saarinen, J. (2018). Tourism for poverty alleviation: Issues and debates in the global South. In C. Cooper, S. Volo, B. Gartner, & N. Scott (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of tourism management: Applications of theories and concepts to tourism (pp. 22–37). London: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Visser, G. (Eds.). (2007). Urban tourism in the developing world: The South African experience. New Brunswick: Transaction Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, C. M., & Visser, G. (2014). A decade of progress in African urban tourism scholarship. Urban Forum, 25, 407–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, J. M. (2012). The changing location of hotels in South Africa’s coastal cities, 1990–2010. Urban Forum, 23(1), 73–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, J. M. (2013a). Reconfiguring South Africa’s hotel industry 1990–2010: Structure, segmentation, and spatial transformation.Applied Geography, 36, 59–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, J. M. (2013b). The economic geography of South Africa’s hotel industry 1990 to 2010.Urban Forum, 24(3), 425–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, J. M. (2014a). Hotel location in Africa’s world class city: The case of Johannesburg, South Africa.Bulletin of Geography: Socio-Economic Series, 25, 181–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, J. M. (2014b). Changing hotel location patterns in Ekurhuleni, South Africa’s industrial workshop.Urbani izziv, 25(Supplement), S82–S96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, J. M. (2016). Hotel chains of the global South: The internationalization of South African hotel brands.Tourism – An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 64(4), 445–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, J. M., & Slater, D. (2014). Urban volunteer tourism: Orphanages in Johannesburg. Urban Forum, 25, 483–499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, J. M., & Visser, G. (2020). Recent trends in South African tourism geographies. In J. M. Rogerson & G. Visser (Eds.), New directions in South African tourism geographies (pp. 1–14). Cham: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, J. M., & Wolfaardt, Z. (2015). Wedding tourism in South Africa: An exploratory analysis. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(2), 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohr, E. (1997). Planning for sustainable tourism in old Havana, Cuba. MA dissertation, Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolfes, M. (2010). Poverty tourism: Theoretical reflections and empirical findings regarding an extraordinary form of tourism. GeoJournal, 75(5), 421–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rolfes, M., Steinbrink, M., & Uhl, C. (2009). Townships as attraction: An empirical study of township tourism in Cape Town. Potsdam: University of Potsdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D., & Stevenson, D. (1994). ‘Provincial paradise’: Urban tourism and city imaging outside the metropolis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 30, 178–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudsari, S. M. M., & Gharibi, N. (2019). Host-guest attitudes toward socio-cultural carrying capacity of urban tourism in Chalus, Mazandaran. Iranian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(4), 31–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russo, A. P. (2020). After overtourism?: Discursive lock-ins and the future of (tourist) places. ATLAS Tourism and Leisure Review, 2020-2, 74–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saghir, J., & Santoro, J. (2018). Urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa: Meeting challenges by bridging stakeholders. Washington, DC: Centre for Strategic and International Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarmento, J. (2010). Fort Jesus: Guiding the past and contesting the present in Kenya. Tourism Geographies, 12(2), 246–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scarpaci, J. L., Jr. (2000). Winners and losers in restoring old Havana. Cuba in Transition, 10, 289–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schettini, M. G., & Troncoso, C. A. (2011). Tourism and cultural identity: Promoting Buenos Aires as the cultural capital of Latin America. Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies, 3(2), 195–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Šegota, T., Sigala, M., Gretzel, U., Day, J., Kokkranikal, J., Smith, M., Seabra, C., Pearce, P., Davidson, R., van Zyl, C., Newsome, D., Hardcastle, J., & Rakić, T. (2019). Editorial. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(2), 109–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seok, H., Joo, Y., & Nam, Y. (2020). An analysis of sustainable tourism value of graffiti tours through social media: Focusing on TripAdvisor reviews of graffiti tours in Bogota, Colombia. Sustainability, 12(11), 4426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seraphin, H., Sheeran, P., & Pilato, M. (2018). Overtourism and the fall of Venice as a destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 374–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharpley, R. (2020). Tourism, sustainable development and the theoretical divide: 20 years on. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(11), 1932–1946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shinde, K. (2020). The spatial practice of religious tourism in India: A destinations perspective. Tourism Geographies. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1819400.

  • Shoval, N., McKercher, B., Ng, E., & Birenboim, A. (2011). Hotel location and tourist activity in cities. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1594–1612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 312–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sima, C. (2013). Post-communist capital city tourism representation: A case-study on Bucharest. PhD Dissertation, London: University of Westminster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. (1992). Urban development and tourism: Case of Lucknow, India. Tourism Recreation Research, 17(2), 71–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. (2004). Religion, heritage and travel: Case references from the Hindu Himalayas. Current Issues in Tourism, 7(1), 44–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A., & Graham, A. (Eds.). (2019). Destination London: The expansion of the visitor economy. London: University of Westminster Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somnuxpong, S. (2020). Chiang Mai: A creative city using creative tourism management. Journal of Urban Culture Research, 20, 112–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Speakman, M. (2019). Dark tourism consumption in Mexico City: A new perspective of the thanatological experience. Journal of Tourism Analysis, 26(2), 152–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spirou, C. (2021). Tourism cities in the United States. In A. M. Morrison & J. A. Coca-Stefaniak (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of tourism cities. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spirou, C., & Judd, D. R. (2014). The changing geography of urban tourism: Will the center hold? disP – The Planning Review, 50(2), 38–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spirou, C., & Judd, D. R. (2019). Tourist city. In A. M. Orum (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of urban and regional studies. Wiley, online library collection.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steck, J.-F., Didier, S., Morange, M., & Rubin, M. (2013). Informality, public space and urban governance: An approach through street trading (Abidjan, Cape Town, Johannesburg, Lomé and Nairobi). In S. Bekker & L. Fourchard (Eds.), Politics and policies governing cities in Africa (pp. 145–167). Cape Town: HSRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steel, G. (2013). Mining and tourism: Urban transformations in the intermediate cities of Cajamarca and Cusco, Peru. Latin American Perspectives, 40(2), 237–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinbrink, M. (2012). ‘We did the slum!’ – Urban poverty tourism in historical perspective. Tourism Geographies, 14(2), 213–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinbrink, M. (2013). Festifavelisation: Mega-events, slums and strategic city staging – The example of Rio de Janeiro. Die Erde, 144(2), 129–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stepchenkova, S., Rykhtik, M. I., Schichkova, E., Kim, H., & Petrova, O. (2015). Segmentation for urban destination: Gender, place of residence, and trip purpose: A case of Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(1), 70–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, M. L., & Dobson, G. J. (2020). Deciphering the development of smart and sustainable tourism cities in Southeast Asia: A call for research. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 13(1), 143–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Su, M. M., & Wall, G. (2015). Community involvement at Great Wall world heritage sites, Beijing, China. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(2), 137–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taherkhani, M., & Farahani, H. (2019). Evaluating and prioritizing urban tourism capabilities in Qazvin. Iranian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(1), 71–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tichaawa, T. (2017). Business tourism in Africa: The case of Cameroon. Tourism Review International, 21(2), 181–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trupp, A., & Sunanata, S. (2017). Gendered practices in urban ethnic tourism in Thailand. Annals of Tourism Research, 64, 76–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tzanelli, R. (2018). Slum tourism: A review of state-of-the-art scholarship. Tourism, Culture and Communication, 18, 149–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uansa-ard, S., & Binprathan, A. (2018). Creating an awareness of halal MICE tourism business in Chiang Mai, Thailand. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 8(3), 203–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ukah, A. (2016). Building God’s city: The political economy of prayer camps in Nigeria. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 40, 524–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ukah, A. (2018). Emplacing God: The social worlds of miracle cities – Perspectives from Nigeria and Uganda. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 36(3), 351–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme, & Economic Commission for Africa. (2015). Towards an African urban agenda. Nairobi: UN-Habitat.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNWTO. (2012). Global report on city tourism – Cities 2012 project. Madrid: UNWTO.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Merwe, C. D. (2013). The limits of urban heritage tourism in South Africa: The case of Constitution Hill, Johannesburg. Urban Forum, 24, 573–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Merwe, C. D., & Rogerson, C. M. (2013). Industrial heritage tourism at ‘The big hole’, Kimberley, South Africa. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 19(Supplement 2), 155–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Merwe, C. D., & Rogerson, C. M. (2018). The local development challenges of industrial heritage tourism in the developing world: Evidence from Cullinan, South Africa. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 21(1), 186–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandermey, A. (1984). Assessing the importance of urban tourism: Conceptual and measurement issues. Tourism Management, 5(2), 123–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Visser, G. (2002). Gay tourism in South Africa: Issues from the Cape Town experience. Urban Forum, 13(1), 85–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Visser, G. (2003). Gay men, tourism and urban space: Reflections on Africa’s ‘gay capital’. Tourism Geographies, 5(2), 168–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Völkening, N., Benz, A., & Schmidt, M. (2019). International tourism and urban transformation in old Havana. Erdkunde, 73(2), 83–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, F., Lu, L., Xu, L., Wu, B., & Wu, Y. (2020). Alike but different: Four ancient capitals in China and their destination images. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 6(2), 415–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, T. (2009). Asian tourism and the retreat of Anglo-Western centrism in tourism theory. Current Issues in Tourism, 12, 21–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wonders, N. A., & Michalowski, R. (2001). Bodies, borders, and sex tourism in a globalized world: A tale of two cities – Amsterdam and Havana. Social Problems, 48(4), 545–571.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, B., Liu, L., Shao, J., & Morrison, A. M. (2015). The evolution and space patterns of hutongels in Beijing historic districts. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 10(2), 129–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, B., Li, Q., Ma, F., & Wang, T. (2021). Tourism cities in China. In A. M. Morrison & J. A. Coca-Stefaniak (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of tourism cities. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, G., & Wall, G. (2009). Urban tourism in Dalian, China. Anatolia, 20(1), 178–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y., Wong, K. K. F., & Wang, T. (2012). How do hotels choose their location?: Evidence from hotels in Beijing. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 675–685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, N. L. (2014). Decision factors in medical tourism: Evidence from Burmese visitors to a hospital in Bangkok. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 6(2), 84–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ziaee, M., & Amiri, S. (2018). Islamic tourism pilgrimages in Iran: Challenges and perspectives. In S. Seyfi & C. M. Hall (Eds.), Tourism in Iran: Challenges, development and opportunities. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Thanks to comments received from two reviewers which influenced the final revision of this chapter. Arno Booyzen produced the accompanying maps. Dawn and Skye Norfolk assisted the writing process.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Christian M. Rogerson & Jayne M. Rogerson

Authors
  1. Christian M. Rogerson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jayne M. Rogerson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christian M. Rogerson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Christian M. Rogerson

  2. School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Jayne M. Rogerson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Rogerson, C.M., Rogerson, J.M. (2021). The Other Half of Urban Tourism: Research Directions in the Global South. In: Rogerson, C.M., Rogerson, J.M. (eds) Urban Tourism in the Global South. GeoJournal Library(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71547-2_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71547-2_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-71546-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-71547-2

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation