Abstract
Cryptocurrency has grown outstandingly in recent years. Additional events throughout the planet have acknowledged the significance of embracing numeral benefits virtually with rapid advances seen in these directions. In today's financial market, the decision to buy or sell cryptocurrency is an interesting challenge faced by day traders. Over the year, it has reached unprecedented highs leading to thoughts explaining the trend in its growth. The idea of whether the movement of financial assets can be predicted has kept investors, economists, and researchers very engaged in recent years. Therefore, the paper used machine learning to construct a model for the Stock and Cryptocurrency price prediction using technical indicators that are most important for market trend study. This study learns how to adapt Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to build the cryptocurrency price prediction model. The key factors used are available price, close price, high price, low price, volume and market cap with the interdependencies amid some cryptocurrencies thus centers on measuring vital features that influence the trade’s unpredictability by applying the model to increase the effectiveness of the process. Nonetheless, the cryptocurrency market lacks firm regulatory structures and is unpredictable, making forecasting prices more difficult and complex. From the analysis, it was established that machine learning models provide better performance in predicting cryptocurrency price. The LSTM model outperformed other models in terms of Bitcoin, Ether and Litecoin cryptocurrencies. The proposed model is found to be efficient for cryptocurrency price prediction when compared to similar models with 67.43% accuracy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wilmott, P. (2013). Paul Wilmott on quantitative finance. John Wiley & Sons.
Spilak, B. (2018). Deep neural networks for cryptocurrencies price prediction (Master’s thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin).
Fischer, T., & Krauss, C. (2018). Deep learning with long short-term memory networks for financial market predictions. European Journal of Operational Research, 270(2), 654–669.
Seasholes, M. S., & Zhu, N. (2010). Individual investors and local bias. The Journal of Finance, 65(5), 1987–2010.
Bogle, J. C. (2017). The little book of common sense investing: The only way to guarantee your fair share of stock market returns. John Wiley & Sons.
Ahmar, A. S., Rahman, A., Arifin, A. N. M., & Ahmar, A. A. (2017). Predicting movement of stock of “Y” using Sutte indicator. Cogent Economics & Finance, 5(1), 1347123.
Adhami, S., Giudici, G., & Martinazzi, S. (2018). Why do businesses go crypto? An empirical analysis of initial coin offerings. Journal of Economics and Business, 100, 64–75.
Mader, P. (2018). Contesting financial inclusion. Development and Change, 49(2), 461–483.
Mankiw, N. G. (2020). Principles of economics. Cengage Learning.
Caucutt, E. M., & Lochner, L. (2020). Early and late human capital investments, borrowing constraints, and the family. Journal of Political Economy, 128(3), 1065–1147.
Shiller, R. J. (2003). From efficient markets theory to behavioral finance. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1), 83–104.
Madura, J. (2020). International financial management. Cengage Learning.
Basak, S., Kar, S., Saha, S., Khaidem, L., & Dey, S. R. (2019). Predicting the direction of stock market prices using tree-based classifiers. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 47, 552–567.
Chatfield, C., & Xing, H. (2019). The analysis of time series: an introduction with R. CRC press.
Malini, H. (2019). Efficient market hypothesis and market anomalies of LQ 45 index in Indonesia stock exchange. SRIWIJAYA International Journal of Dynamic Economics and Business, 3(2), 107–121.
Hileman, G., & Rauchs, M. (2017). Global cryptocurrency benchmarking study.
ElBahrawy, A., Alessandretti, L., Kandler, A., Pastor-Satorras, R., & Baronchelli, A. (2017). Evolutionary dynamics of the cryptocurrency market. Royal Society Open Science, 4(11), 170623.
Dwyer, G. P. (2015). The economics of Bitcoin and similar private digital currencies. Journal of Financial Stability, 17, 81–91.
Böhme, R., Christin, N., Edelman, B., & Moore, T. (2015). Bitcoin: Economics, technology, and governance. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(2), 213–238.
Hayes, A. S. (2017). Cryptocurrency value formation: An empirical study leading to a cost of production model for valuing bitcoin. Telematics and Informatics, 34(7), 1308–1321.
Sæther, H. C. M., & Helland, E. J. (2018). A comparative analysis of cryptocurrency markets (Master’s thesis, University of Stavanger, Norway).
Cole, E. (2019). Cryptocurrency and the 1031 like kind exchange. Hastings Science and Technology LJ, 10, 75.
Hochstein, M. (2016). Why bitcoin matters to banks. American Banker.
Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain revolution: how the technology behind bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world. Penguin.
Feder, A., Gandal, N., Hamrick, J. T., Moore, T., & Vasek, M. (2018, June). The rise and fall of cryptocurrencies. In Workshop on the economics of information security.
Kristjanpoller, W., & Minutolo, M. C. (2018). A hybrid volatility forecasting framework integrating GARCH, artificial neural network, technical analysis and principal components analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 109, 1–11.
White, L. H. (2015). The market for cryptocurrencies. Cato Journal, 35, 383.
Viswanathan, M. (2017). Tax compliance in a decentralizing economy. Ga. St. UL Review, 34, 283.
Shapiro, D. C. (2018). Cryptocurrency and the Shifting IRS Enforcement Model. Stan. Journal of Blockchain L. & Pol’y, 1, 1.
Andreessen, M. (2014). Why bitcoin matters. New York Times, 21.
Van Alstyne, M. (2014). Why bitcoin has value. Communications of the ACM, 57(5), 30–32.
Adebiyi, M. O., Ogundokun, R. O., & Abokhai, A. A. (2020). Machine learning–based predictive farmland optimization and crop monitoring system. Scientifica.
Ogundokun, R. O., Lukman, A. F., Kibria, G. B. M., Awotunde, J. B., & Aladeitan, B. B. (2020). Predictive modelling of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Nigeria. Infectious Disease Modelling, 5, 543–548.
Lukman, A. F., Rauf, R. I., Abiodun, O., Oludoun, O., Ayinde, K., & Ogundokun, R. O. (2020). COVID-19 prevalence estimation: Four most affected African countries. Infectious Disease Modelling, 5, 827–838.
Brown, D. E., Abbasi, A., & Lau, R. Y. (2015). Predictive analytics: Predictive modeling at the micro-level. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 30(3), 6–8.
Jayanthi, N., Babu, B. V., & Rao, N. S. (2017). Survey on clinical prediction models for diabetes prediction. Journal of Big Data, 4(1), 26.
Adegun, A. A., Ogundokun, R. O., Adebiyi, M. O., & Asani, E. O. (2020). CAD-based machine learning project for reducing human-factor-related errors in medical image analysis. In Handbook of research on the role of human factors in IT project management (pp. 164–172). IGI Global.
Gill, S. S., Tuli, S., Xu, M., Singh, I., Singh, K. V., Lindsay, D., Tuli, S., Smirnova, D., Singh, M., Jain, U., & Pervaiz, H. (2019). Transformative effects of IoT, Blockchain and artificial intelligence on cloud computing: Evolution, vision, trends and open challenges. Internet of Things, 8, 100118.
Popoola, S. I., Misra, S., & Atayero, A. A. (2018). Outdoor path loss predictions based on extreme learning machine. Wireless Personal Communications, 99(1), 441–460.
Gavrishchaka, V. V., & Ganguli, S. B. (2003). Volatility forecasting from multiscale and high-dimensional market data. Neurocomputing, 55(1–2), 285–305.
Heaton, J. B., Polson, N. G., & Witte, J. H. (2016). Deep learning in finance. arXiv:1602.06561.
Tsantekidis, A., Passalis, N., Tefas, A., Kanniainen, J., Gabbouj, M., & Iosifidis, A. (2017, August). Using deep learning to detect price change indications in financial markets. In 2017 25th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) (pp. 2511–2515). IEEE.
Tsantekidis, A., Passalis, N., Tefas, A., Kanniainen, J., Gabbouj, M., & Iosifidis, A. (2017, July). Forecasting stock prices from the limit order book using convolutional neural networks. In 2017 IEEE 19th Conference on Business Informatics (CBI) (Vol. 1, pp. 7–12). IEEE.
De Spiegeleer, J., Madan, D. B., Reyners, S., & Schoutens, W. (2018). Machine learning for quantitative finance: Fast derivative pricing, hedging and fitting. Quantitative Finance, 18(10), 1635–1643.
Thomas, L. (2005). Money, banking and financial markets. Cengage Learning.
Mishkin, F. S. (2007). The economics of money, banking, and financial markets. Pearson Education.
Yi, G. (2019). Money, banking, and financial markets in China. Routledge.
Greco, T. H. (2001). Understanding and creating alternatives to legal tender. White River JCT, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing.
Peicu, R. C. (2014). The digital currency phenomenon (Doctoral dissertation, uniwien).
Sandel, M. J. (2012). What money can't buy: The moral limits of markets. Macmillan.
Gillespie, R. (2019). What money cannot buy and what money ought not buy: dignity, motives, and markets in human organ procurement debates. Journal of Medical Humanities, 40(1), 101–116.
Irwin, D. A. (2020). Free trade under fire. Princeton University Press.
Ahiakpor, J. C. (2003). Classical Macroeconomics: Some modern variations and distortions (Vol. 61). Psychology Press.
Byttebier, K. (2017). The debate about the ethics of money pursuit. In Towards a New International Monetary Order (pp. 81–352). Springer, Cham.
Seligman, B. B. (2020). Main currents in modern economics. Routledge.
Bockstael, N. E., Freeman, A. M., Kopp, R. J., Portney, P. R., & Smith, V. K. (2000). On measuring economic values for nature.
Keynes, J. M. (2018). The general theory of employment, interest, and money. Springer.
Tomlinson, M. (2018). Conceptions of the value of higher education in a measured market. Higher Education, 75(4), 711–727.
Ali, R., Barrdear, J., Clews, R., & Southgate, J. (2014). The economics of digital currencies. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Q3.
Yermack, D. (2015). Is bitcoin a real currency? An economic appraisal. In Handbook of digital currency (pp. 31–43). Academic Press
Ammous, S. (2018). Can cryptocurrencies fulfil the functions of money? The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 70, 38–51.
Kiyotaki, N., & Wright, R. (1989). On money as a medium of exchange. Journal of Political Economy, 97(4), 927–954.
Walsh, A., & Lynch, T. (2008). The morality of money. Palgrave Macmillan.
Lietaer, B. (2013). The future of money. Random House.
Lietaer, B. A., & Dunne, J. (2013). Rethinking money: How new currencies turn scarcity into prosperity. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Dodgson, M., Gann, D., Wladawsky-Berger, I., Sultan, N., & George, G. (2015). Managing digital money.
Power, T. M. (2020). The economic value of the quality of life. Routledge.
Allen, J. G. (2020). Imagining Money. Culture & Theory, 210, 79.
Stiglitz, J. E. (2016). The euro: How a common currency threatens the future of Europe. WW Norton & Company.
Frisby, D. (2014). Bitcoin: The future of money? Unbound Publishing.
Pilkington, M. (2016). Blockchain technology: principles and applications. In Research handbook on digital transformations. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Miller, V. (2020). Understanding digital culture. SAGE Publications Limited.
Goodhart, C. A. (2000). Can central banking survive the IT revolution? International Finance, 3(2), 189–209.
McLeay, M., Radia, A., & Thomas, R. (2014). Money creation in the modern economy. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Q1.
Wheelock, D. C., & Wilson, P. W. (2000). Why do banks disappear? The determinants of US bank failures and acquisitions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(1), 127–138.
Hilt, J. J., Hodges, R., Pardue, S. W., & Powar, W. L. (2000). US Patent No. 6,032,133. Washington, DC: US Patent and Trademark Office.
Kaplanov, N. (2012). Nerdy money: Bitcoin, the private digital currency, and the case against its regulation. Loy. Consumer L. Review, 25, 111.
Eveleth, R. (2015). The truth about the death of cash. BBC. 2015, 24 Jule.–Peжим дocтyпa: https://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150724-the-truth-about-the-death-of-cash.
Wallace, B. (2011). The rise and fall of Bitcoin. Wired, 19(12).
Lawrence, C. J., & Mudge, S. L. (2019). Movement to market, currency to property: The rise and fall of Bitcoin as an anti-state movement, 2009–2014. Socio-Economic Review, 17(1), 109–134.
Salah, K., Rehman, M. H. U., Nizamuddin, N., & Al-Fuqaha, A. (2019). Blockchain for AI: Review and open research challenges. IEEE Access, 7, 10127–10149.
Peters, G. W., & Panayi, E. (2016). Understanding modern banking ledgers through blockchain technologies: Future of transaction processing and smart contracts on the internet of money. In Banking beyond banks and money (pp. 239–278). Springer, Cham
Niranjanamurthy, M., Nithya, B. N., & Jagannatha, S. (2019). Analysis of blockchain technology: Pros, cons and SWOT. Cluster Computing, 22(6), 14743–14757.
Baynham-Herd, Z. (2017). Enlist blockchain to boost conservation. Nature, 548(7669), 523–523.
Ahmed, S., & ten Broek, N. (2017). Blockchain could boost food security. Nature, 550(7674), 43–43.
Maxmen, A. (2018). AI researchers embrace Bitcoin technology to share medical data. Nature, 555(7696).
Nakamoto, S. (2019). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Manubot.
Omohundro, S. (2014). Cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, and artificial intelligence. AI Matters, 1(2), 19–21.
Batrinca, B., & Treleaven, P. C. (2015). Social media analytics: A survey of techniques, tools and platforms. Ai & Society, 30(1), 89–116.
Koch, M. (2018). Artificial intelligence is becoming natural. Cell, 173(3), 533.
Özdemir, V., & Hekim, N. (2018). Birth of industry 5.0: Making sense of big data with artificial intelligence, “the internet of things” and next-generation technology policy. Omics: A Journal of Integrative Biology, 22(1), 65–76.
Verma, D. C., & Bent, G. (2017, December). Policy enabled caching for distributed AI. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) (pp. 3017–3023). IEEE.
Dinh, T. N., & Thai, M. T. (2018). Ai and blockchain: A disruptive integration. Computer, 51(9), 48–53.
Harris, J. D., & Waggoner, B. (2019, July). Decentralized and Collaborative AI on Blockchain. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) (pp. 368–375). IEEE.
Qi, Y., & Xiao, J. (2018). Fintech: AI powers financial services to improve people’s lives. Communications of the ACM, 61(11), 65–69.
Mamoshina, P., Ojomoko, L., Yanovich, Y., Ostrovski, A., Botezatu, A., Prikhodko, P., Izumchenko, E., Aliper, A., Romantsov, K., Zhebrak, A., & Ogu, I. O. (2018). Converging blockchain and next-generation artificial intelligence technologies to decentralize and accelerate biomedical research and healthcare. Oncotarget, 9(5), 5665.
Ethereum, W. G. (2014). A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum Project Yellow Paper, 151, 1–32.
Lee, M., Yun, J. J., Pyka, A., Won, D., Kodama, F., Schiuma, G., Park, H., Jeon, J., Park, K., Jung, K., & Yan, M. R. (2018). How to respond to the fourth industrial revolution, or the second information technology revolution? Dynamic new combinations between technology, market, and society through open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 4(3), 21.
Bughin, J., Seong, J., Manyika, J., Chui, M., & Joshi, R. (2018). Notes from the AI frontier: Modeling the impact of AI on the world economy. McKinsey Global Institute.
Herweijer, C., Waughray, D., & Warren, S. (2018). Building block (chain) s for a better planet. In World Economic Forum. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Building-Blockchains.pdf.
Kannengießer, N., Lins, S., Dehling, T., & Sunyaev, A. (2019). Mind the gap: trade-offs between distributed ledger technology characteristics. arXiv:1906.00861.
Bojarski, M., Del Testa, D., Dworakowski, D., Firner, B., Flepp, B., Goyal, P., Jackel, L. D., Monfort, M., Muller, U., Zhang, J., & Zhang, X. (2016). End to end learning for self-driving cars. arXiv:1604.07316.
Chen, Z., Li, L., & Huang, X. (2020). Building an autonomous lane keeping simulator using real-world data and end-to-end learning. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, 12(1), 47–59.
Sünderhauf, N., Brock, O., Scheirer, W., Hadsell, R., Fox, D., Leitner, J., Upcroft, B., Abbeel, P., Burgard, W., Milford, M., & Corke, P. (2018). The limits and potentials of deep learning for robotics. The International Journal of Robotics Research, 37(4–5), 405-420.
Chen, A. I., Balter, M. L., Maguire, T. J., & Yarmush, M. L. (2020). Deep learning robotic guidance for autonomous vascular access. Nature Machine Intelligence, 2(2), 104–115.
Milojkovic, M. (2018). Privacy-preserving framework for access control and interoperability of electronic health records using blockchain technology.
Sathiyabhama, B., Rajeswari, K. C., & Reenadevi, R. (2020). Preserving data privacy in electronic health records using blockchain technology. In Transforming businesses with bitcoin mining and blockchain applications (pp. 195–206). IGI Global
Sharma, B., Halder, R., & Singh, J. (2020, January). Blockchain-based interoperable healthcare using zero-knowledge proofs and proxy re-encryption. In 2020 international Conference on Communication Systems & Networks (COMSNETS) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
Pandey, P., & Litoriya, R. (2020). Securing and authenticating healthcare records through blockchain technology. Cryptologia, 1–16.
Davi, L., Hatebur, D., Heisel, M., & Wirtz, R. (2019, September). Combining safety and security in autonomous cars using blockchain technologies. In International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security (pp. 223–234). Springer, Cham.
Ali, N. A., Taha, A. E. M., & Barka, E. (2020). Integrating blockchain and IoT/ITS for safer roads. IEEE Network, 34(1), 32–37.
Puri, V., Kumar, R., Van Le, C., Sharma, R., & Priyadarshini, I. (2020). A vital role of blockchain technology toward internet of vehicles. In Handbook of research on blockchain technology (pp. 407–416). Academic Press.
Fu, Y., Yu, F. R., Li, C., Luan, T. H., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Vehicular blockchain-based collective learning for connected and autonomous vehicles. IEEE Wireless Communications.
Hou, C., Zhou, M., Ji, Y., Daian, P., Tramer, F., Fanti, G., & Juels, A. (2019). SquirRL: Automating attack discovery on blockchain incentive mechanisms with deep reinforcement learning. arXiv:1912.01798.
Hynes, N., Dao, D., Yan, D., Cheng, R., & Song, D. (2018). A demonstration of sterling: A privacy-preserving data marketplace. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 11(12), 2086–2089.
Marr, D. (1977). Artificial intelligence—A personal view. Artificial Intelligence, 9(1), 37–48.
Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. (2019). A brief history of artificial intelligence: On the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence. California Management Review, 61(4), 5–14.
Ernst, C. (2020). Artificial intelligence and autonomy: self-determination in the age of automated systems. In Regulating Artificial Intelligence (pp. 53–73). Springer, Cham.
Burnashev, R. A., Gubajdullin, A. V., & Enikeev, A. I. (2018, March). Specialized case tools for the development of expert systems. In World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (pp. 599–605). Springer, Cham.
Samek, W., Wiegand, T., & Müller, K. R. (2017). Explainable artificial intelligence: Understanding, visualizing and interpreting deep learning models. arXiv:1708.08296.
Schluse, M., Priggemeyer, M., Atorf, L., & Rossmann, J. (2018). Experimentable digital twins—Streamlining simulation-based systems engineering for industry 4.0. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 14(4), 1722–1731.
Bevilacqua, M., Bottani, E., Ciarapica, F. E., Costantino, F., Di Donato, L., Ferraro, A., Mazzuto, G., Monteriù, A., Nardini, G., Ortenzi, M., & Paroncini, M. (2020). Digital twin reference model development to prevent operators’ risk in process plants. Sustainability, 12(3), 1088.
Feurer, M., Eggensperger, K., Falkner, S., Lindauer, M., & Hutter, F. (2018, July). Practical automated machine learning for the automl challenge 2018. In International Workshop on Automatic Machine Learning at ICML (pp. 1189–1232).
Panarello, A., Tapas, N., Merlino, G., Longo, F., & Puliafito, A. (2018). Blockchain and IoT integration: A systematic survey. Sensors, 18(8), 2575.
Mistry, I., Tanwar, S., Tyagi, S., & Kumar, N. (2020). Blockchain for 5G-enabled IoT for industrial automation: A systematic review, solutions, and challenges. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 135, 106382.
Kumar, K. D., Sudhakara, M., & Poluru, R. K. (2020). Towards the integration of blockchain and IoT for security challenges in IoT: A review. In Transforming Businesses with Bitcoin Mining and Blockchain Applications (pp. 45–67). IGI Global.
Sloman, A. (2019). The computer revolution in philosophy: Philosophy, science and models of mind. Author.
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2020). Rulers of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons, 63(1), 37–50.
Canhoto, A. I., & Clear, F. (2020). Artificial intelligence and machine learning as business tools: A framework for diagnosing value destruction potential. Business Horizons, 63(2), 183–193.
Abadi, M., Chu, A., Goodfellow, I., McMahan, H. B., Mironov, I., Talwar, K., & Zhang, L. (2016, October). Deep learning with differential privacy. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 308–318).
Chamikara, M. A. P., Bertok, P., Khalil, I., Liu, D., & Camtepe, S. (2019). Local differential privacy for deep learning. arXiv:1908.02997.
Phan, N., Vu, M., Liu, Y., Jin, R., Dou, D., Wu, X., & Thai, M. T. (2019). Heterogeneous gaussian mechanism: preserving differential privacy in deep learning with provable robustness. arXiv:1906.01444.
Goertzel, B. (2007). Artificial general intelligence (Vol. 2). In C. Pennachin (Ed.). New York: Springer.
Gao, C., Yan, J., Zhou, S., Varshney, P. K., & Liu, H. (2019). Long short-term memory-based deep recurrent neural networks for target tracking. Information Sciences, 502, 279–296.
Fan, Z., Gu, X., Nie, S., & Chen, M. (2017, December). D2D power control based on supervised and unsupervised learning. In 2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC) (pp. 558–563). IEEE.
Ericson, K., & Pallickara, S. (2013). On the performance of high dimensional data clustering and classification algorithms. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(4), 1024–1034.
McNally, S., Roche, J., & Caton, S. (2018, March). Predicting the price of bitcoin using machine learning. In 2018 26th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-based Processing (PDP) (pp. 339–343). IEEE.
Sun Yin, H. H., Langenheldt, K., Harlev, M., Mukkamala, R. R., & Vatrapu, R. (2019). Regulating cryptocurrencies: A supervised machine learning approach to de-anonymizing the bitcoin blockchain. Journal of Management Information Systems, 36(1), 37–73.
Dutta, A., Kumar, S., & Basu, M. (2020). A gated recurrent unit approach to bitcoin price prediction. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(2), 23.
Fang, F., Chung, W., Ventre, C., Basios, M., Kanthan, L., Li, L., & Wu, F. (2020). Ascertaining price formation in cryptocurrency markets with DeepLearning. arXiv:2003.00803.
Karafiloski, E., & Mishev, A. (2017, July). Blockchain solutions for big data challenges: A literature review. In IEEE EUROCON 2017–17th International Conference on Smart Technologies (pp. 763–768). IEEE.
Ferdous, M. S., Biswas, K., Chowdhury, M. J. M., Chowdhury, N., & Muthukkumarasamy, V. (2019). Integrated platforms for blockchain enablement. In Advances in Computers (Vol. 115, pp. 41–72). Elsevier.
Magazzeni, D., McBurney, P., & Nash, W. (2017). Validation and verification of smart contracts: A research agenda. Computer, 50(9), 50–57.
Yuan, Y., & Wang, F. Y. (2018). Blockchain and cryptocurrencies: Model, techniques, and applications. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 48(9), 1421–1428.
Brown, G., & Whittle, R. (2020). Algorithms, blockchain & cryptocurrency: Implications for the future of the workplace. Emerald Group Publishing.
Eevani, S. R., Suresh, R., & Srinivasan, R. (2020). US Patent Application No. 16/272,588.
Liu, Y., Yu, F. R., Li, X., Ji, H., & Leung, V. C. (2020). Blockchain and machine learning for communications and networking systems. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.
Josephy, I. T. (2019). Rechtsinformatiker GbR: Technical Notes–Blockchain/Ethereum.
Al-Mamun, A., & Zhao, D. (2020). SciChain: Trustworthy scientific data provenance. arXiv:2002.00141.
Marr, B. (2018). Artificial intelligence and blockchain: 3 major benefits of combining these two mega-trends. Forbes, Mar.
Brambilla, M., Ferrante, E., Birattari, M., & Dorigo, M. (2013). Swarm robotics: A review from the swarm engineering perspective. Swarm Intelligence, 7(1), 1–41.
Janson, S., Merkle, D., & Middendorf, M. (2008). A decentralization approach for swarm intelligence algorithms in networks applied to multi swarm PSO. International Journal of intelligent computing and cybernetics.
Strobel, V., Castelló Ferrer, E., & Dorigo, M. (2018, July). Managing byzantine robots via blockchain technology in a swarm robotics collective decision making scenario. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems (pp. 541–549). International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems.
Ferrer, E. C. (2018, November). The blockchain: a new framework for robotic swarm systems. In Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (pp. 1037–1058). Springer, Cham.
Su, Z. Q., & Xu, Y. (2020). The information role of comment letters: Evidence from institutional investors’ informed trading. The Chinese Economy, 53(2), 133–157.
Sockin, M., & Xiong, W. (2020). A model of cryptocurrencies (No. w26816). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Dhawan, A., & Putnins, T. (2020). A new wolf in town? Pump-and-dump manipulation in cryptocurrency markets.
Ni, H., & Yin, H. (2009). Exchange rate prediction using hybrid neural networks and trading indicators. Neurocomputing, 72(13–15), 2815–2823.
Pang, Y., Sundararaj, G., & Ren, J. (2019, December). Cryptocurrency price prediction using time series and social sentiment data. In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Big Data Computing, Applications and Technologies (pp. 35–41).
Pintelas, P., Kotsilieris, T., Livieris, I., Pintelas, E., & Stavroyiannis, S. (2020). Fundamental research questions and proposals on predicting cryptocurrency prices using DNNs.
Díaz-Robles, L. A., Ortega, J. C., Fu, J. S., Reed, G. D., Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., & Moncada-Herrera, J. A. (2008). A hybrid ARIMA and artificial neural networks model to forecast particulate matter in urban areas: The case of Temuco, Chile. Atmospheric Environment, 42(35), 8331–8340.
Benhabib, J., Liu, X., & Wang, P. (2019). Financial markets, the real economy, and self-fulfilling uncertainties. The Journal of Finance, 74(3), 1503–1557.
Bonatti, A., & Cisternas, G. (2020). Consumer scores and price discrimination. The Review of Economic Studies, 87(2), 750–791.
Alonso-Monsalve, S., Suárez-Cetrulo, A. L., Cervantes, A., & Quintana, D. (2020). Convolution on neural networks for high-frequency trend prediction of cryptocurrency exchange rates using technical indicators. Expert Systems with Applications, 149, 113250.
Weissensteiner, A. (2019). Correlated noise: Why passive investment might improve market efficiency. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 158, 158–172.
Borovkova, S., & Tsiamas, I. (2019). An ensemble of LSTM neural networks for high-frequency stock market classification. Journal of Forecasting, 38(6), 600–619.
Amjad, M., & Shah, D. (2017, February). Trading bitcoin and online time series prediction. In NIPS 2016 Time Series Workshop (pp. 1–15).
Sutskever, I., Vinyals, O., & Le, Q. V. (2014). Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In Advances in neural information processing systems (pp. 3104–3112).
Yelowitz, A., & Wilson, M. (2015). Characteristics of Bitcoin users: An analysis of Google search data. Applied Economics Letters, 22(13), 1030–1036.
Kristoufek, L. (2015). What are the main drivers of the Bitcoin price? Evidence from wavelet coherence analysis. PloS One, 10(4).
Hassani, H., Huang, X., & Silva, E. (2018). Big-Crypto: Big data, blockchain and cryptocurrency. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 2(4), 34.
Mallqui, D. C., & Fernandes, R. A. (2019). Predicting the direction, maximum, minimum and closing prices of daily Bitcoin exchange rate using machine learning techniques. Applied Soft Computing, 75, 596–606.
Glaser, F., Zimmermann, K., Haferkorn, M., Weber, M. C., & Siering, M. (2014). Bitcoin-asset or currency? Revealing users’ hidden intentions. Revealing Users’ Hidden Intentions (April 15, 2014). ECIS.
Baek, C., & Elbeck, M. (2015). Bitcoins as an investment or speculative vehicle? A First Look Applied Economics Letters, 22(1), 30–34.
Vidal-Tomás, D., & Ibañez, A. (2018). Semi-strong efficiency of Bitcoin. Finance Research Letters, 27, 259–265.
Corbet, S., Meegan, A., Larkin, C., Lucey, B., & Yarovaya, L. (2018). Exploring the dynamic relationships between cryptocurrencies and other financial assets. Economics Letters, 165, 28–34.
Katsiampa, P. (2017). Volatility estimation for bitcoin: A comparison of GARCH models. Economics Letters, 158, 3–6.
Kim, T. (2017). On the transaction cost of bitcoin. Finance Research Letters, 23, 300–305.
Urquhart, A. (2017). Price clustering in bitcoin. Economics Letters, 159, 145–148.
Corbet, S., Lucey, B., Urquhart, A., & Yarovaya, L. (2019). Cryptocurrencies as a financial asset: A systematic analysis. International Review of Financial Analysis, 62, 182–199.
Ding, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, T., & Duan, J. (2015, June). Deep learning for event-driven stock prediction. In Twenty-fourth international joint conference on artificial intelligence.
Yoshihara, A., Fujikawa, K., Seki, K., & Uehara, K. (2014, December). Predicting stock market trends by recurrent deep neural networks. In Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 759–769). Springer, Cham.
Adcock, R., & Gradojevic, N. (2019). Non-fundamental, non-parametric bitcoin forecasting. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 531, 121727.
Moews, B., Herrmann, J. M., & Ibikunle, G. (2019). Lagged correlation-based deep learning for directional trend change prediction in financial time series. Expert Systems with Applications, 120, 197–206.
Atsalakis, G. S., Atsalaki, I. G., Pasiouras, F., & Zopounidis, C. (2019). Bitcoin price forecasting with neuro-fuzzy techniques. European Journal of Operational Research, 276(2), 770–780.
Nakano, M., Takahashi, A., & Takahashi, S. (2018). Bitcoin technical trading with artificial neural network. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 510, 587–609.
Adeyinka, A. A., Adebiyi, M. O., Akande, N. O., Ogundokun, R. O., Kayode, A. A., Oladele, T. O. (2019). A deep convolutional encoder-decoder architecture for retinal blood vessels segmentation. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 11623 LNCS, pp. 180–189.
Awotunde, J. B., Ogundokun, R. O., Ayo, F. E., & Matiluko, O. E. (2020). Speech segregation in background noise based on deep learning. IEEE Access, 8, 169568–169575.
Mäkinen, Y., Kanniainen, J., Gabbouj, M., & Iosifidis, A. (2019). Forecasting jump arrivals in stock prices: New attention-based network architecture using limit order book data. Quantitative Finance, 19(12), 2033–2050.
Sirignano, J., & Cont, R. (2019). Universal features of price formation in financial markets: Perspectives from deep learning. Quantitative Finance, 19(9), 1449–1459.
Zhang, Z., Zohren, S., & Roberts, S. (2019). DeepLOB: Deep convolutional neural networks for limit order books. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 67(11), 3001–3012.
Shintate, T., & Pichl, L. (2019). Trend prediction classification for high frequency bitcoin time series with deep learning. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 12(1), 17.
Lahmiri, S., & Bekiros, S. (2019). Cryptocurrency forecasting with deep learning chaotic neural networks. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 118, 35–40.
Bao, W., Yue, J., & Rao, Y. (2017). A deep learning framework for financial time series using stacked autoencoders and long-short term memory. PloS One, 12(7).
Nelson, D. M., Pereira, A. C., & de Oliveira, R. A. (2017, May). Stock market's price movement prediction with LSTM neural networks. In 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) (pp. 1419–1426). IEEE.
Wu, C. H., Lu, C. C., Ma, Y. F., & Lu, R. S. (2018, November). A new forecasting framework for bitcoin price with LSTM. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW) (pp. 168–175). IEEE.
Kwon, D. H., Kim, J. B., Heo, J. S., Kim, C. M., & Han, Y. H. (2019). Time Series Classification of Cryptocurrency Price Trend Based on a Recurrent LSTM Neural Network. Journal of Information Processing Systems, 15(3).
Miura, R., Pichl, L., & Kaizoji, T. (2019, July). Artificial neural networks for realized volatility prediction in cryptocurrency time series. In International Symposium on Neural Networks (pp. 165–172). Springer, Cham.
Chong, E., Han, C., & Park, F. C. (2017). Deep learning networks for stock market analysis and prediction: Methodology, data representations, and case studies. Expert Systems with Applications, 83, 187–205.
Das, S. R., Mokashi, K., & Culkin, R. (2018). Are markets truly efficient? Experiments using deep learning algorithms for market movement prediction. Algorithms, 11(9), 138.
Singh, R., & Srivastava, S. (2017). Stock prediction using deep learning. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76(18), 18569–18584.
Selvin, S., Vinayakumar, R., Gopalakrishnan, E. A., Menon, V. K., & Soman, K. P. (2017, September). Stock price prediction using LSTM, RNN and CNN-sliding window model. In 2017 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications And Informatics (icacci) (pp. 1643–1647). IEEE.
Hiransha, M., Gopalakrishnan, E. A., Menon, V. K., & Soman, K. P. (2018). NSE stock market prediction using deep-learning models. Procedia Computer Science, 132, 1351–1362.
Sezer, O. B., & Ozbayoglu, A. M. (2018). Algorithmic financial trading with deep convolutional neural networks: Time series to image conversion approach. Applied Soft Computing, 70, 525–538.
Valencia, F., Gómez-Espinosa, A., & Valdés-Aguirre, B. (2019). Price movement prediction of cryptocurrencies using sentiment analysis and machine learning. Entropy, 21(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060589
Alessandretti, L., Elbahrawy, A., Aiello, L. M., & Baronchelli, A. (2018). Anticipating cryptocurrency prices using machine learning. Complexity. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8983590
Snow, D. (2019). Financial event prediction using machine learning. Available at SSRN 3481555.
Caruana, R., & Niculescu-Mizil, A. (2006, June). An empirical comparison of supervised learning algorithms. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 161–168).
Ma, X., Tao, Z., Wang, Y., Yu, H., & Wang, Y. (2015). Long short-term memory neural network for traffic speed prediction using remote microwave sensor data. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 54, 187–197.
Liu, Y. (2019). Novel volatility forecasting using deep learning–long short term memory recurrent neural networks. Expert Systems with Applications, 132, 99–109.
Gers, F. A., Schmidhuber, J., & Cummins, F. (1999). Learning to forget: Continual prediction with LSTM.
Ogundokun, R. O., & Awotunde, J. B. (2020). Machine learning prediction for Covid 19 pandemic in India. medRxiv.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Awotunde, J.B., Ogundokun, R.O., Jimoh, R.G., Misra, S., Aro, T.O. (2021). Machine Learning Algorithm for Cryptocurrencies Price Prediction. In: Misra, S., Kumar Tyagi, A. (eds) Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Security: Methods, Issues and Possible Horizons or Opportunities. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 972. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72236-4_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72236-4_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-72235-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-72236-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)