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A Review on Remedial Techniques for Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Wastewater

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Organic Pollutants

Abstract

Many pharmaceutical companies utilize confidentiality composition as a means to escape the norms imposed by the pollution regulation control. Derivatives of pharmaceutical compounds (hormones, volatile organic compounds, antibiotics, and surfactants) and their metabolites are toxic (ecosystem of aquatic, terrestrial, and human health), and antibiotic-resistant microbial species are wastewater sources from houses, pharmaceutical industry, and hospitals. The wastewater comprises large quantity of salt, organic matter, microbial toxicity creating COD and BOD, and ever-increasing innovations in the field of medicine also increases the usage of pharmaceutical drugs, thereby increasing the rate of pollution. Pollution begins from the production and processing of pharmaceutical products until the cycle of consumption. This chapter explicates pharmaceutical contamination and pollution created by personal care products and addresses the means of elimination by biological and chemical methods like adsorption / bioadsorption, activated carbon adsorption, sedimentation, coagulation, advanced oxidation processes, photooxidation, ozonation, biological treatment, and electrochemical processes. Eco-friendly approaches are derived from the biological treatment by microbial process (composting, vermicomposting, aerobic and anaerobic techniques), and they do not produce secondary waste and also convert the toxic to non-toxic form. This has also demonstrated the benefits and demerits of the removal measures. This chapter summarizes the important overviews of key publications on pharmaceutical products.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Arts and Science, Srivilliputur, Tamil Nadu, India

    R. Seenivasagan

  2. Department of Microbiology, Nehru Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    R. Kasimani

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  1. Water and Soil Processing Lab Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

    M. Vasanthy

  2. Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa’s College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    V. Sivasankar

  3. Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa’s College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    T. G. Sunitha

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Seenivasagan, R., Kasimani, R. (2022). A Review on Remedial Techniques for Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Wastewater. In: Vasanthy, M., Sivasankar, V., Sunitha, T.G. (eds) Organic Pollutants. Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72441-2_15

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