Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is listed as a priority pollutant in many countries worldwide. Sb accumulates in the environment, and displays harmful effects. The toxical and biological properties of Sb vary depending on Sb chemical form and oxidation state. Here, Sb speciation analysis allows to distinguish the different Sb forms and oxidation states. Although Sb environmental science is increasing, Sb is still a poorly studied element in land and water ecosystems. Analytical methods for Sb include extraction, selective hydride generation, coprecipitation, chromatography, electrochemistry, kinetics and spectrometry. Cloud point extraction is the most widely used extraction method for reliable separation and preconcentration of one of the most toxic species of inorganic antimony, Sb(III). This extraction technique is based on phase separation when the temperature of the micellar solution of a nonionic surfactant is increased above a certain threshold value defined as the cloud point. There is little knowledge on cloud point extraction coupled to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and spectrophotometry.
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Abbreviations
- APDC:
-
ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
- DDTC:
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
- DDTP:
-
O,O-diethyl dithiophosphate
- DLLME:
-
dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction
- DSPE:
-
dispersive solid-phase extraction
- ETAAS:
-
electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
- ETV-ICP-MS :
-
electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- ETV-ICP-OES:
-
electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- FAAS:
-
flame atomic absorption spectrometry
- GC-MS:
-
gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- HF-LPME:
-
hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction
- HG-AAS:
-
hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry
- HG-AFS:
-
hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry
- HS-SPME:
-
headspace solid-phase microextraction
- ICP-MS:
-
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- ICP-OES:
-
inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- LPME:
-
liquid-phase microextraction
- SBME:
-
solvent bar microextraction
- SDME:
-
single drop microextraction
- SPME:
-
solid-phase microextraction
- TXRF :
-
total reflection X-ray fluorescence
- UA-IL-DLLME:
-
ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction
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The work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences under the contract VEGA 1/0153/17.
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Hagarová, I., Nemček, L. (2021). Recent Advances in Speciation Analysis of Trace Antimony in Environmental and Biological Samples Based on Cloud Point Extraction and Spectrometric Methods. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 52. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 52. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73245-5_3
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