Abstract
Cloud is a distributed heterogeneous computing paradigm that facilitates on-demand delivery of IT heterogeneous resources to the customer based on their needs over the Internet with a pay-as-per service they use. Service level agreement (SLA) specifies the customer’s expected service levels through cloud service provider (CSP) and the remedies or penalties if any of the CSP does not meet agreed-on service levels. Before providing the requested services to the customer, CSP and customer negotiate and sign on an SLA. CSP earns money for the service provided to the customer on satisfying the agreed-on service levels. Otherwise, CSP pays the penalty cost to the customer for the violation of SLA. Task scheduling minimizes task execution time and maximizes resource usage rate. Scheduling objective tends to improve quality of service (QoS) parameters like resource usage, with a minimum execution time and cost (without violating SLA). The proposed algorithm SLA-GTMax-Min schedules the tasks efficiently to the heterogeneous multi-cloud environment satisfying SLA and balances makespan, gain, and penalty/violation cost. Proposed SLA-GTMax-Min represents three levels of SLA provided with three types of services expected by the customers. The services are namely tasks minimum execution time, tasks minimum gain cost, and tasks both minimum execution time and gain cost in percentage, respectively. Makespan is termed as tasks minimum execution time. Gain cost represents minimum execution cost for completing tasks execution. The proposed algorithm SLA-GTMax-Min incorporates the SLA gain cost for providing service successfully and SLA violation cost for providing service unsuccessfully. Performance analysis of algorithm SLA-GTMax-Min and existing algorithm is measured based on the benchmark dataset values. The experimental results of SLA-GTMax-Min algorithm and the existing scheduling algorithms, namely, SLA-MCT, Execution-MCT, Profit-MCT, SLA-Min-Min, Execution-Min-Min, and Profit-Min-Min, are compared by evaluation metrics. Evaluation measure considered for evaluating the performance of the proposed SLA-GTMax-Min algorithm are makespan, cloud utilization ratio, gain cost is the cost earned by the CSP for successful completion of the tasks, and penalty cost the CSP pays to the customer for violation of SLA. The experimental results illustrate clearly algorithm SLA-GTMax-Min performs a better balance among makespan, gain cost, and penalty cost than existing algorithms.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Panda, S. K., Gupta, I., & Jana, P. K. (2015). Allocation-aware task scheduling for heterogeneous multi-cloud systems. In 2nd international symposium on big data and cloud computing challenges (Vol. 50, pp. 176–184). Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier.
Abdullahi, M., Ngadi, M. A., & Abdulhamid, S. M. (2016). Symbiotic organism search optimization based task scheduling in cloud computing environment. Future Generation Computer Systems, 56, 640–650.
Durao, F., Carvalho, J. F. S., Fonseka, A., & Garcia, V. C. (2014). A systematic review on cloud computing. The Journal of Supercomputing, 68(3), 1321–1346.
Liu, L., Mei, H., & XieB. (2016). Towards a multi-QoS human-centric cloud computing load balance resource allocation method. The Journal of Supercomputing, 72(7), 2488–2501.
Kamalam, G. K., & MuraliBhaskaran, V. (2010). A new heuristic approach: Min-mean algorithm for scheduling Meta mask-task on Heterogeneous computing systems. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 10(1).
Kamalam, G. K., & MuraliBhaskaran, V. (2010). An improved min-mean heuristic scheduling algorithm for mapping independent tasks on Heterogenous computing environment. International journal of Computational Cognition, 8(4).
Kamalam, G. K., & MuraliBhaskaran, V. (2012). New enhanced heuristic min-mean scheduling algorithm for scheduling Meta-tasks on heterogeneous grid environment. European Journal of Scientific Research, 70(3), 423–430.
Wu, F., Wu, Q., & Tan, Y. (2015). Workflow scheduling in cloud: A survey. The Journal of Supercomputing, 71(9), 3373–3418.
Ibarra, O. H., & Kim, C. E. (1977). Heuristic algorithms for scheduling independent tasks on nonidentical processors. Journal of the ACM, 24(2), 280–289.
Aazam, M., Huh, E., St-Hilaire, M., Lung, C., & Lambadaris, I. (2016). Cloud customer’s historical record based resource pricing. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 27(7), 1929–1940.
Loo, S. M., & Wells, B. E. (2006). Task scheduling in a finite-resource, reconfigurable hardware/software code sign environment. INFORMS Journal on Computing, 18(2), 151–172.
Baset, S. A. (2012). Cloud SLAs: Present and future. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, 46, 57–66.
Maurer, M., Emeakaroha, V. C., Brandic, I., & Altmann, J. (2012). Cost-benefit analysis of an SLA mapping approach for defining standardized cloud computing goods. Future Generation Computer System, 28, 39–47.
Gao, Y., Guan, H., Qi, Z., Song, T., Huan, F., & Liu, L. (2014). Service level agreement based energy-efficient resource management in cloud data centers. Computer and Electrical Engineering, 40, 1621–1633.
Ranaldo, N., & Zimeo, E. (2016). Capacity-driven utility model for service level agreement negotiation of cloud services. Future Generation Computer System, 55, 186–199.
Ivanovic, D., Carro, M., & Hermenegildo, M. (2011). Constraint-based runtime prediction of SLA violation in service orchestrations. In 9th international conference on service-oriented computing (pp. 62–76). Springer.
Son, S., Jung, G., & Jun, S. C. (2013). An SLA-based cloud computing that facilitates resource allocation in the distributed data centers of a cloud provider. The Journal of Supercomputing, 64(2), 606–637.
Farokhi, S., Jrad, F., Brandic, I., & Streit, A. (2014). Hierarchical SLA-based service selection for multi-cloud environments. In 4th international conference on cloud computing and services science (pp. 722–734).
Garcia, A. G., Espert, I. B., & Garcia, V. H. (2014). SLA-driven dynamic cloud resource management. Future Generation Computer System, 31, 1–11.
Emeakaroha, V. C., Netto, M. A. S., Calheiros, R. N., Brandic, I., Buyya, R., & Rose, C. A. F. D. (2012). Towards autonomic detection of SLA violations in cloud infrastructures. Future Generation Computer System, 28, 1017–1029.
Franke, U., & Buschle, M. (2016). Experimental evidence on decision-making in availability service level agreements. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 13(1), 58–70.
Lu, K., Yahyapour, R., Wieder, P., Yaqub, E., Abdullah, M., Schloer, B., & Kotsokalis, C. (2016). Fault-tolerant service level agreement lifecycle management in clouds using actor system. Future Generation Computer System, 54, 247–259.
Abawajy, J., Fudzee, M. F., Hassan, M. M., & Alrubaian, M. (2015). Service level agreement management framework for utility-oriented computing platforms. The Journal of Supercomputing, 71(11), 4287–4303.
Son, S., Kang, D., Huh, S. P., Kim, W., & Choi, W. (2016). Adaptive trade-off strategy for bargaining-based multi-objective SLA establishment under varying cloud workload. The Journal of Supercomputing, 72(4), 1597–1622.
Panda, S. K., & Jana, P. K. (2016). Normalization-based task scheduling algorithms for heterogeneous multicloud environment, information systems frontiers. Springer.
Li, J., Qiu, M., Ming, Z., Quan, G., Qin, X., & Gu, Z. (2012). Online optimization for scheduling preemp table tasks on IaaS cloud system. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 72, 666–677.
Freund, R. F., Gherrity, M., Ambrosius, S., Campbell, M., Halderman, M., Hensgen, D., Keith, E., Kidd, T., Kussow, M., Lima, J. D., Mirabile, F., Moore, L., Rust, B., & Siegel, H. J. (1998) Scheduling resources in multiuser, heterogeneous, computing environments with SmartNet. In 7th IEEE heterogeneous computing workshop (pp. 184–199).
Cloud Service Level Agreement Standardisation Guidelines. http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/dae/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=6138. Accessed 4 June 2015.
Wang, S., Yan, K., Liao, W., & Wang, S. (2010). Towards a load balancing in a three-level cloud computing network. In 3rd IEEE international conference on computer science and information technology (Vol. 1, pp. 108–113).
Panda, S. K., & Jana, P. K. (2015). Efficient task scheduling algorithms for heterogeneous multi-cloud environment. The Journal of Supercomputing, 71(4), 1505–1533.
Panda, S. K., & Jana, P. K. (2017). SLA-based task scheduling algorithms for heterogeneous multi-cloud environment. The Journal of Supercomputing, 73(6), 2730–2762.
Nagarajan, R., Selvamuthukumaran, S., & Thirunavukarasu, R. (2017). A fuzzy logic based trust evaluation model for the selection of cloud services. In IEEE international conference on computer communication and informatics (ICCCI-2017), Coimbatore (pp. 1–5).
Nagarajan, R., & Thirunavukarasu, R. (2018). A review on intelligent cloud broker for effective service provisioning in cloud. In Second international conference on intelligent computing and control systems (ICICCS), Madurai, India (pp. 519–524).
Rajganesh, N., & Ramkumar, T. (2016). A review on broker based cloud service model. Journal of Computing and Information Technology, 24(3), 283–292. The University of Zagreb Computing Centre (SRCE), Croatia, Print-ISSN - 13301136 908.
Braun, T. D., Siegel, H. J., Beck, N., Boloni, L. L., Maheswaran, M., Reuther, A. I., Robertson, J. P., Theys, M. D., Yao, B., Hensgen, D., & Freund, R. F. (2001). A comparison of eleven static heuristics for mapping a class of independent tasks onto heterogeneous distributed computing systems. Journal of Parallel Distributed Computing, 61(6), 810–837.
Demiroz, B., & Topcuoglu, H. R. (2006). Static task scheduling with a unified objective on time and resource domains. The Computer Journal, 49(6), 731–743.
Xhafa, F., Carretero, J., Barolli, L., & Durresi, A. (2007). Immediate mode scheduling in grid systems. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 3(2), 219–236.
Xhafa, F., Barolli, L., & Durresi, A. (2007). Batch mode scheduling in grid systems. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 3(1), 19–37.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kamalam, G.K., Sentamilselvan, K. (2022). SLA-Based Group Tasks Max-Min (GTMax-Min) Algorithm for Task Scheduling in Multi-Cloud Environments. In: Nagarajan, R., Raj, P., Thirunavukarasu, R. (eds) Operationalizing Multi-Cloud Environments. EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74402-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74402-1_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-74401-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-74402-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)