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Unmanned Aircraft Systems and the Nordic Challenges

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New Developments and Environmental Applications of Drones

Abstract

The European Union (EU) regulations regarding the unmanned aircraft system (UAS) that came into force in 2021 emphasise technological and operational safety. Those regulations have been developed on the common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The implementation of the regulations and compliant UAS operator activities are still the ground of the future. Therefore, it is essential to systematically gather information about all the factors affecting UAS operations in a safe and meaningful manner. This book chapter introduces the Nordic as well as generic challenges for UAS operations. The challenges can be divided into two main categories: technological and operational. Based on the extensive literature review and authors’ practical experience, both types of challenges are grouped by relevance topics. For example, the weather-related phenomena challenges overlap in both technological and operational categories but still can be mitigated differently. Technological challenges are usually mitigated by UAS design and human-computer interactions, while operational challenges may be mitigated with legislation and organisational activities and personal UAS operator qualities. Finally, the needs for further research on the challenges affecting safe UAS operations are discussed.

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to express gratitude to the DroneMaster project (financed by European Social Fund (ESF) S21923) [23], members of Arctic Drone Labs innovation ecosystem [150], and international partners for supplying materials, giving constructive critics, and using authors’ attention to a range of projects and research experiments relevant to the UAS applications in the Nordic and the Arctic environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IT Department, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland

    Vadim Kramar & Henry Hinkula

  2. Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Juha Röning

  3. Centria University of Applied Sciences, Digitalisation, Ylivieska, Finland

    Juha Erkkilä

  4. Faculty of Technology, Structures and Construction Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Tanja Kolli & Anssi Rauhala

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Correspondence to Vadim Kramar .

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  1. Tampere University, Pori, Finland

    Tarmo Lipping

  2. Tampere University, Pori, Finland

    Petri Linna

  3. Tampere University, Pori, Finland

    Nathaniel Narra

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Kramar, V., Röning, J., Erkkilä, J., Hinkula, H., Kolli, T., Rauhala, A. (2022). Unmanned Aircraft Systems and the Nordic Challenges. In: Lipping, T., Linna, P., Narra, N. (eds) New Developments and Environmental Applications of Drones. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77860-6_1

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