Abstract
The importance of mobile genetic elements or transposons in genome evolution and adaptation is being increasingly recognized. Transposons were shown to be involved in gene regulation, shaping chromosome structures, reshuffling coding sequences and generating genetic diversity. Transposable elements constitute the largest fraction of plant genomes and are diverse by structure and distribution. There are still unanswered questions, with regard to their interaction with the environment, regulation mechanisms and convenience of horizontal transfer, but involvement in the epigenetic mechanisms could explain a fraction of missing heritability. Due to their repetitive nature and ubiquity throughout genomes, the study of transposons requires distinctly developed methods and assays. Even with the rapid development of sequencing technologies, genomic assembly and annotation of transposable elements in large genomes are still problematic, and therefore they are routinely excluded from analysis. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the main directions of transposable element research and basic findings in plants with an emphasis on more complex pine genomes providing further perspectives in this area. Although, compared to model species, transposon research in conifers is currently at an initial stage, further studies could uncover additional aspects of their role in genome architecture, adaptive responses and environment–genome interactions.
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Voronova, A.F., Rungis, D.E. (2022). Transposable Elements in Pines. In: De La Torre, A.R. (eds) The Pine Genomes. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93390-6_3
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