Abstract
Sustainability is the need of the hour, and every industry on the planet is focusing on removing environmentally hazardous elements from its supply chain. Organic and inorganic products, heavy metals like chromium, nickel, arsenic, lead, etc.; formaldehyde compounds join the stream as dyes, alkali, softeners, salts, fixing agents, levelling agents, ammonia, among other auxiliaries. These compounds are more resistant to biodegradation due to their synthetic nature and complex aromatic structure. Untreated effluent water released into pools of water may pose a significant threat. It has the potential to disrupt the oxygen transport process at the water surface, increasing the turbidity, disruption of photosynthetic activity, and decreased sunlight availability to aquatic organisms. Hence, water quality suffers, as a result, rendering it unfit for human use. Due to increased water shortages and environmental restrictions, the textile industry thus, needs to switch to alternative wastewater treatment solutions that can help minimize the water footprint and maintenance costs. Several agricultural residues and organic wastes are now used as natural adsorbents in effluent streams to remove dyes and heavy metals. These materials are commonly used due to their ease of availability, the potential for adsorption, and reduced cost. Enzymes are an appealing choice for wastewater treatment for various reasons, including their biocompatibility, convenience, and simplicity of process control. Microbial dye degradation and decolorization is a more environmental friendly and cost-effective alternative to chemical decomposition. Dead cells are preferable for wastewater treatment because they remain unharmed by toxic waste and chemicals and do not pollute the environment by releasing toxins or propagating toxins. Since economy and sustainability have been driving forces in modern manufacturing, efforts are being made to manufacture textiles more effectively, with less water pollution.
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The authors of this chapter would like to show gratitude to Delhi Technological University, Delhi for providing the opportunity and various associated staff members for their help and motivation throughout the process of drafting, writing, and submission of this chapter.
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Yadav, S., Pipil, H., Chawla, H., Taneja, S., Kumar, S., Haritash, A.K. (2022). Textile Industry Wastewater Treatment Using Eco-Friendly Techniques. In: Kanwar, V.S., Sharma, S.K., Prakasam, C. (eds) Proceedings of International Conference on Innovative Technologies for Clean and Sustainable Development (ICITCSD – 2021). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93936-6_6
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