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Production Techniques, Mechanism, and Application of Biochar in Remediating Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals: A Review

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Abstract

The ultimate goal of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation is to increase crop yields on the premise of ensuring food production safety. Soil contaminated by heavy metals threatens the quality of agricultural products and human health. Hence, it is necessary to choose appropriate economic and effective remediation techniques to control the deterioration and revive the land quality. Among the methods available, biochar application for adsorption and remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil is emerging to be a sustainable approach. Biochar introduction to the soil provides organic matter and essential macro and micronutrients like C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, etc., which enhances soil enzyme and microbial activities. Additionally, the plant root environment, soil water retention, and saturated hydraulic conductivity can be improved in the presence of biochar. This chapter is intended to present an overview of the production techniques of biochar, its properties, and characteristics required for effective heavy metal removal and the corresponding process conditions, mechanisms involved in the interaction of biochar with heavy metals, and the benefits as well as bottlenecks of biochar application in soil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Aditya Degree and PG College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Anil Kumar Moola

  2. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Anil Kumar Moola & Sundararajan Balasubramani

  3. Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India

    Nageshwari Krishnamoorthy, Abhijeet Pathy & Balasubramanian Paramasivan

  4. College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

    Sundararajan Balasubramani

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sathish Selvam

  6. Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

    B. D. Ranjitha Kumari

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  1. Anil Kumar Moola
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  2. Nageshwari Krishnamoorthy
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  3. Abhijeet Pathy
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  4. Balasubramanian Paramasivan
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  5. Sundararajan Balasubramani
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  6. Sathish Selvam
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  7. B. D. Ranjitha Kumari
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Research, Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Technology, Omalur, India

    J. Aravind

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Ramapuram Campus), Chennai, India

    M. Kamaraj

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Karthikeyan

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Moola, A.K. et al. (2022). Production Techniques, Mechanism, and Application of Biochar in Remediating Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals: A Review. In: Aravind, J., Kamaraj, M., Karthikeyan, S. (eds) Strategies and Tools for Pollutant Mitigation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98241-6_4

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