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Microfluidic Devices for Analysis of Neuronal Development

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Engineering Biomaterials for Neural Applications

Abstract

Investigation of brain structure and function can be conducted using various approaches from whole organism behavior to the activity of individual molecules. Within this broad scope of investigation, the fundamental unit of brain function is the individual neuron in either the central or peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS). This individual cellular nature stands in contrast to other bodily functions such as the circulatory system where the constituent cells form a support system for the continuous flow of blood through the body. A similarly continuous or reticular nature for neurons was proposed by Camillo Golgi who in 1873 in his small apartment kitchen developed a more complete means of observing neuronal structure that he named “La reazione nera” or “the black reaction,” the Golgi stain (Pannese E., J History Neurosci 8(2):132–140, 1999). Using Golgi’s method, Santiago Ramón y Cajal established convincing evidence that neurons were not fused together in the fashion proposed by Golgi but instead functioned as independent cellular units. Ramón y Cajal’s view of neurons eventually gained widespread acceptance with both men receiving the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Jennifer W. Mitchell for insightful discussions. Content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the funding agencies. The authors declare no competing financial interest. Preparation of this review was supported by awards from the National Institute of Mental Health (1R21 MH 117377); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R61 HL 159948); and the National Science Foundation (NSF DGE 17-35252 and NSF STC CBET 0939511) to M.U.G. M.D.N. was supported by an NSF National Research Traineeship on Miniature Brain Machinery (NSF DGE 17-35252).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Miles D. Norsworthy & Martha U. Gillette

  2. Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Labs, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Miles D. Norsworthy & Martha U. Gillette

  3. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Miles D. Norsworthy

  4. Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Martha U. Gillette

  5. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Martha U. Gillette

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  1. Miles D. Norsworthy
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Correspondence to Miles D. Norsworthy .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Elizabeth Nance

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Norsworthy, M.D., Gillette, M.U. (2022). Microfluidic Devices for Analysis of Neuronal Development. In: Nance, E. (eds) Engineering Biomaterials for Neural Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11409-0_4

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