Skip to main content

Have a Break from Making Decisions, Have a MARS: The Multi-valued Action Reasoning System

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Artificial Intelligence XXXIX (SGAI-AI 2022)

Abstract

The Multi-valued Action Reasoning System (MARS) is an automated value-based ethical decision-making model for agents in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Given a set of available actions and an underlying moral paradigm, by employing MARS one can identify the ethically preferred action. It can be used to implement and model different ethical theories, different moral paradigms, as well as combinations of such, in the context of automated practical reasoning and normative decision analysis. It can also be used to model moral dilemmas and discover the moral paradigms that result in the desired outcomes therein. In this paper we give a condensed description of MARS, explain its uses, and comparatively place it in the existing literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Alexander, L., Moore, M.: Deontological ethics. In: Zalta, E.N. (ed) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, winter 2016 edition (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Badea, C., Artus, G.: Morality, Machines and the Interpretation Problem: […]. Forthcoming in: AI XXXIX, LNAI. Springer, London, arXiv:2103.02728 (2022)

  3. Bolton, W., Badea, C., Georgiou, P., Holmes, A., Rawson, T.: Developing moral AI to support antimicrobial decision making. Nat. Mach. Intell. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00558-5

  4. Post, B., Badea, C., Faisal, A., Brett, S.J.: Breaking bad news in the era of artificial intelligence and algorithmic medicine. AI Ethics (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-022-00230-z

  5. Anderson, M., Anderson, S.L.: Ethel: toward a principled ethical elder care robot (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Anderson, M., Anderson, S.L.: Machine Ethics. Cambridge University Press (2011)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  7. Anderson, M., Anderson, S.L.: January. GenEth: a general ethical dilemma analyzer. In: AAAI, pp. 253–261 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Andrade, A.O., et al.: Bridging the gap between robotic technology and health care. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 10, 65–78 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Aristotle, R.W.D., Brown, L.: The Nicomachean Ethics. OUP, Oxford (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bekey, G., et al.: Robotics: State of the Art and Future Challenges. World Scientific (2008)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. Bench-Capon, T.: Value based argumentation frameworks. arXiv preprint cs/0207059 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Charisi, V., et al.: Towards moral autonomous systems. arXiv:1703.04741 (2017)

  13. Dennis, L., Fisher, M., Slavkovik, M., Webster, M.: Formal verification of ethical choices in autonomous systems. Robot. Auton. Syst. 77, 1–14 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Dietrich, F., List, C.: What matters and how it matters: a choice-theoretic representation of moral theories (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Feldman, F.: Utilitarianism, Hedonism, and Desert: Essays in Moral Philosophy. CUP (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Guarini, M.: Computational neural modeling and the philosophy of ethics reflections on the particularism-generalism debate. Included in Anderson, 2011. Machine Ethics, p. 316 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hindocha, S., Badea, C.: Moral exemplars for the virtuous machine: the clinician’s role in ethical artificial intelligence for healthcare. AI and Ethics 2, 1–9 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00089-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. McLaren, B.M., Ashley, K.D.: Case-based comparative evaluation in truth-teller. In: Proceedings from the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  19. McLaren, B.M.: Extensionally defining principles and cases in ethics. Artif. Intell. 150, 145–181 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pereira, L.M., et al.: Programming Machine Ethics, vol. 26. Springer (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Badea, C., Gilpin, L.H.: Establishing meta-decision-making for AI: an ontology of relevance, representation and reasoning. In: AAAI 2021, Fall FSS-21. arXiv:submit/4523302 (2021)

  22. Sinnott-Armstrong, W.: Consequentialism. In Zalta, E.N. (ed) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, winter 2015 edition (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wallach, W.: Machine Ethics and Robot Ethics. Ashgate Publishing (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Wallach, W., Allen, C., Smit, I.: Machine morality: bottom-up and top-down approaches for modelling human moral faculties. AI & Soc. 22(4), 565–582 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cosmin Badea .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Badea, C. (2022). Have a Break from Making Decisions, Have a MARS: The Multi-valued Action Reasoning System. In: Bramer, M., Stahl, F. (eds) Artificial Intelligence XXXIX. SGAI-AI 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13652. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21441-7_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21441-7_31

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-21440-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-21441-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics