Abstract
Speed of gravitational waves remains c when it propagates through medium with stress tensor of a perfect fluid. Gravitational waves are absorbed in matter with non-zero shear viscosity. The speed of gravitational waves can differ from c when propagating through in-homogenous scalar field configurations and in modified theories of gravity. Observationally, the damping of gravitational waves and the change in speed of gravity can be probed using multi-messenger signals (γ rays and gravitational waves ) from neutron-star mergers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
J.M. Ezquiaga, M. Zumalacárregui, Dark Energy in light of Multi-Messenger Gravitational-Wave astronomy. Front. Astron. Space Sci. 5, 44 (2018). [arXiv:1807.09241 [astro-ph.CO]]
J.B. Jiménez, J.M. Ezquiaga, L. Heisenberg, Probing cosmological fields with gravitational wave oscillations. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 04, 027 (2020). [arXiv:1912.06104 [astro-ph.CO]]
B.P. Abbott et al. [LIGO Scientific and Virgo Collaborations], GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119(14), 141101 (2017). [arXiv:1709.09660 [gr-qc]]
B.P. Abbott et al., Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger. Astrophys. J. Lett. 848(2), L12 (2017). [arXiv:1710.05833 [astro-ph.HE]]
G. Fanizza, M. Gasperini, E. Pavone, L. Tedesco, Linearized propagation equations for metric fluctuations in a general (non-vacuum) background geometry. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 07, 021 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2021/07/021. [arXiv:2105.13041 [gr-qc]]
S.W. Hawking, Perturbations of an expanding universe. Astrophys. J. 145, 544–554 (1966)
A.R. Prasanna, Propagation of gravitational waves through a dispersive medium. Phys. Lett. A 257, 120–122 (1999)
J. Madore, The dispersion of gravitational waves. Commun. Math. Phys. 27, 291–302 (1972)
G. Goswami, G.K. Chakravarty, S. Mohanty, A.R. Prasanna, Constraints on cosmological viscosity and self interacting dark matter from gravitational wave observations. Phys. Rev. D 95(10), 103509 (2017). [arXiv:1603.02635 [hep-ph]]
G. Baym, S.P. Patil, C.J. Pethick, Phys. Rev. D 96(8), 084033 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.084033. [arXiv:1707.05192 [gr-qc]]
R. Flauger, S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D 97(12), 123506 (2018). [arXiv:1801.00386 [astro-ph.CO]]
I. Brevik, S. Nojiri, Gravitational waves in the presence of viscosity. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 28(10), 1950133 (2019). [arXiv:1901.00767 [gr-qc]].
C. Ganguly, J. Quintin, Microphysical manifestations of viscosity and consequences for anisotropies in the very early universe. [arXiv:2109.11701 [gr-qc]]
W. Hu, R. Barkana, A. Gruzinov, Cold and fuzzy dark matter. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1158–1161 (2000). [arXiv:astro-ph/0003365 [astro-ph]]
L. Hui, J.P. Ostriker, S. Tremaine, E. Witten, Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter. Phys. Rev. D 95(4), 043541 (2017). [arXiv:1610.08297 [astro-ph.CO]]
B. Abbott et al. [LIGO Scientific and Virgo], GW170817: Observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119(16), 161101 (2017)
G.P. Lamb, S. Kobayashi, GRB 170817A as a jet counterpart to gravitational wave triggerGW 170817. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 478(1), 733–740 (2018)
S. Jana, G.K. Chakravarty, S. Mohanty, Constraints on Born-Infeld gravity from the speed of gravitational waves after GW170817 and GRB 170817A. Phys. Rev. D 97(8), 084011 (2018). [arXiv:1711.04137 [gr-qc]]
M. Banados, P.G. Ferreira, Eddington’s theory of gravity and its progeny. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 011101 (2010). [arXiv:1006.1769 [astro-ph.CO]]
C. Escamilla-Rivera, M. Banados, P.G. Ferreira, A tensor instability in the Eddington inspired Born-Infeld Theory of Gravity. Phys. Rev. D 85, 087302 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.85.087302. [arXiv:1204.1691 [gr-qc]]
J. Beltran Jimenez, L. Heisenberg, G.J. Olmo, D. Rubiera-Garcia, On gravitational waves in Born-Infeld inspired non-singular cosmologies. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 10, 029 (2017). [erratum: JCAP 08, E01 (2018)]. [arXiv:1707.08953 [hep-th]]
T. Kobayashi, Horndeski theory and beyond: a review. Rep. Prog. Phys. 82(8), 086901 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ab2429. [arXiv:1901.07183 [gr-qc]]
M. Pardy, The gravitational Cerenkov radiation with radiative corrections. Phys. Lett. B336, 362–367 (1994)
G.D. Moore, A.E. Nelson, Lower bound on the propagation speed of gravity from gravitational Cherenkov radiation. J. High Energy Phys. 09, 023 (2001). [arXiv:hep-ph/0106220 [hep-ph]]
J.W. Elliott, G.D. Moore, H. Stoica, Constraining the new Aether: Gravitational Cerenkov radiation. J. High Energy Phys. 08, 066 (2005). [arXiv:hep-ph/0505211 [hep-ph]]
R. Kimura, K. Yamamoto, Constraints on general second-order scalar-tensor models from gravitational Cherenkov radiation. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 07, 050 (2012). [arXiv:1112.4284 [astro-ph.CO]]
M. De Laurentis, S. Capozziello, G. Basini, Gravitational Cherenkov Radiation from Extended Theories of Gravity. Mod. Phys. Lett. A 27, 1250136 (2012). [arXiv:1206.6681 [gr-qc]]
V.A. Kostelecký, J.D. Tasson, Constraints on Lorentz violation from gravitational Čerenkov radiation. Phys. Lett. B 749, 551–559 (2015). [arXiv:1508.07007 [gr-qc]]
R. Flauger, S. Weinberg, Absorption of gravitational waves from distant sources. Phys. Rev. D 99(12), 123030 (2019). [arXiv:1906.04853 [hep-th]]
D. Baumann, H.S. Chia, J. Stout, L. ter Haar, The spectra of gravitational atoms. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 12, 006 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/12/006. [arXiv:1908.10370 [gr-qc]]
W. Hu, R. Barkana, A. Gruzinov, Cold and fuzzy dark matter. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1158 (2000). [astro-ph/0003365]
L. Hui, J.P. Ostriker, S. Tremaine, E. Witten, Phys. Rev. D 95(4), 043541 (2017). [arXiv:1610.08297 [astro-ph.CO]]
A. Palessandro, M.S. Sloth, Gravitational absorption lines. Phys. Rev. D 101(4), 043504 (2020). [arXiv:1910.01657 [hep-th]]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mohanty, S. (2023). Refractive Index and Damping of Gravitational Waves in a Medium. In: Gravitational Waves from a Quantum Field Theory Perspective. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 1013. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23770-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23770-6_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-23769-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-23770-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)