Skip to main content

Discrete Neural Network of Bidirectional Associative Memory

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Current Problems in Applied Mathematics and Computer Science and Systems (APAMCS 2022)

Abstract

The paper considers bidirectional associative memory, which is one of the known neural network paradigms. To simplify the implementation of the calculation of this paradigm, a discrete mathematical model of its functioning is proposed. Reducing the complexity is achieved by switching to integer calculations because Integer multiplication is several times simpler than real multiplication. The known neural network of bidirectional associative memory neural network was compared with the proposed one. The simulation was carried out in the VHDL language. For comparative evaluation, Spartan3E, Spartan6 and XC9500 chips were used. In the experimental part, it was shown that the hardware costs for the implementation of the neural network of bidirectional associative memory have decreased by more than 3 times compared to the known one. The proposed discrete model of BAM functioning does not narrow the scope of its application in comparison with the known model and can be used to build memory devices and restore distorted or noisy information.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kosko, B.: Bidirectional associative memories. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 18(1), 49–60 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cao, J.D., Wang, L.: Exponential stability and periodic oscillatory solution in BAM networks with delays. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 13(2), 457–463 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Sakthivel, R., et al.: Design of state estimator for bidirectional associative memory neural networks with leakage delays. Inf. Sci. 296, 263–274 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Xu, C.: Local and global Hopf bifurcation analysis on simplified bidirectional associative memory neural networks with multiple delays. Math. Comput. Simul. 149, 69–90 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Park, J.H., et al.: A new stability criterion for bidirectional associative memory neural networks of neutral-type. Appl. Math. Comput. 199(2), 716–722 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Shaposhnikov, A., Orazaev, A., Eremenko, E., Malakhov, D.: Hamming neural network in discrete form. In: Tchernykh, A., Alikhanov, A., Babenko, M., Samoylenko, I. (eds.) MANCS 2021. LNCS, vol. 424, pp. 11–17. Springer, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97020-8_2

  7. Ratnavelu, K., Manikandan, M., Balasubramaniam, P.: Synchronization of fuzzy bidirectional associative memory neural networks with various time delays. Appl. Math. Comput. 270, 582–605 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Aouiti, C., Sakthivel, R., Touati, F.: Global dissipativity of high-order hopfield bidirectional associative memory neural networks with mixed delays. Neural Comput. Appl. 32(14), 10183–10197 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhao, H.: Global stability of bidirectional associative memory neural networks with distributed delays. Phys. Lett. A 297(3–4), 182–190 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Cao, J., Liang, J., Lam, J.: Exponential stability of high-order bidirectional associative memory neural networks with time delays. Physica D 199(3–4), 425–436 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Kosko, B.: Adaptive bidirectional associative memories. Appl. Opt. 26(23), 4947–4960 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Aouiti, C., Sakthivel, R., Touati, F.: Global dissipativity of fuzzy bidirectional associative memory neural networks with proportional delays. Iranian J. Fuzzy Syst. 18(2), 65–80 (2021)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Humphries, U., et al.: Global stability analysis of fractional-order quaternion-valued bidirectional associative memory neural networks. Mathematics 8(5), 801 (2020)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Makhzani, A., Frey, B.J.: Winner-take-all autoencoders. Adv. Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 28 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ionisyan, A.S.: Investigation of FPGA utilization of continues and discrete bidirectional associative memory neural networks. https://github.com/anserion/bidirmem_VHDL. Accessed 16 June 2022

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the North Caucasus Federal University for supporting the contest of projects competition of scientific groups and individual scientists of the North Caucasus Federal University. The work is supported by the North-Caucasus Center for Mathematical Research under agreement â„– 075-02-2021-1749 with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and by Russian Foundation for Basic Research project 1907-00130.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anzor R. Orazaev .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Shaposhnikov, A.V., Ionisyan, A.S., Orazaev, A.R. (2023). Discrete Neural Network of Bidirectional Associative Memory. In: Alikhanov, A., Lyakhov, P., Samoylenko, I. (eds) Current Problems in Applied Mathematics and Computer Science and Systems. APAMCS 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 702. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34127-4_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34127-4_32

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-34126-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-34127-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics