Abstract
Commonly used adaptive control systems for resistance spot welding in car body construction lead to a multimodal distribution of weld times. This is due to the compensation of disturbances in the process with the help of adaption of parameters such as weld current and prolongation of weld time. In this work, a bimodal Gaussian Mixture Model for stochastic weld times in resistance spot welding is presented. On the basis of data from car body construction, expectation values of the model are specified by linear regression. An estimation method to determine the other parameters is introduced. The model is compared to a unimodal distribution model and actual weld times in balancing of a robotic assembly line for an automotive body-in-white backend. In contrast to the unimodal model, the developed model leads to more conservative balancing results than real data. This avoids over-optimistic balancing results, which might have lasting effects. Thus, the model enables methods for stochastic time planning during early planning phases without shop floor data being available.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Widerstandspunktschweißen von Stählen bis 3mm Einzelblechdicke - Grundlagen, Vorbereitung und Durchführung. Information sheet DVS 2902-4:2001, Deutscher Verband für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren e.V., 2001
Merkblatt DVS 2904 - Steuerungen, Leistungsteile und Transformatoren für das Widerstandsschweißen. Information sheet DVS 2904:2020, Deutscher Verband für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren e.V. (2020)
Hovgard, M., Lennartson, B., Bengtsson, K.: Energy-optimal timing of robot stations subject to gaussian disturbances. In: 2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) (2019)
Zhou, K.: Development of an online quality control system for resistance spot welding. PhD thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (2012)
Li, Y.B., Lin, Z.Q., Shen, Q., Lai, X.M.: Numerical analysis of transport phenomena in resistance spot welding process. J. Manufact. Sci. Eng. Trans. ASME (2011)
Livshits, A.: Universal quality assurance method for resistance spot welding based on dynamic resistance. Weld. J. (1997)
Podržaj, P., Polajnar, I., Diaci, J., Kariž, Z.: Overview of resistance spot welding control. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (2008)
Spoor, J.M., Weber, J.: CDF-based anomaly detection, clustering, and outlier diagnostic method with an application in welding time predictions. Unpublished manuscript
Stade, D., Manns, M.: Robotic assembly line balancing with multimodal stochastic processing times
Stiebel, A., Ulmer, C., Kodrack, D., Holmes, B.B.: Monitoring and control of spot weld operations. In: International Congress and Exposition (1986)
Zhou, K., Yao, P.: Overview of recent advances of process analysis and quality control in resistance spot welding. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Stade, D., Spoor, J.M., Manns, M. (2023). A Multimodal Distribution Model of Stochastic Process Times in Resistance Spot Welding. In: Galizia, F.G., Bortolini, M. (eds) Production Processes and Product Evolution in the Age of Disruption. CARV 2023. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34821-1_64
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34821-1_64
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-34820-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-34821-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)