Abstract
These lecture notes present an extensive review of the factorization theory of matrix functions relative to a curve with emphasis on the developments of the last 20–25 years. The classes of functions considered range from rational and continuous matrix functions to matrix functions with almost periodic or even semi almost periodic entries. Also included are recent results about explicit factorization based on the state space method from systems theory, with examples from linear transport theory. Related applications to Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problems and the Fredholm theory of various classes of singular integral operators are described too. The applications also concern inversion of singular integral operators of different types, including Wiener-Hopf and Toeplitz operators.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R.G. Babadzhanyan and V.S. Rabinovich. On factorization of almost periodic matrix functions. In: Differential and Integral Equations, and Complex Analysis, pages 13–22. University Press, Elista, 1986.
J. A. Ball, I. Gohberg, and L. Rodman. Interpolation of Rational Matrix Functions. OT45. Birkhäuser Verlag, 1990.
J.A. Ball and A.C.M. Ran. Left versus right canonical Wiener-Hopf factorization. In: Constructive methods of Wiener-Hopf factorization, pages 9–38. Birkhäuser, Basel, 1986.
I. Gohberg, M.A. Kaashoek, H. Bart, and P.Van Dooren. Factorizations of transfer functions. SIAM J. Contr. Opt.,18:675–696, 1980.
H. Bart, I. Gohberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. Minimal Factorization of Matrix and Operator Functions. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Boston, 1979.
H. Bart, I. Gohberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. Wiener-Hopf integral equations, Toeplitz matrices and linear systems. In: Toeplitz centennial,pages 85–135. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Boston, 1982.
H. Bart, I. Gohberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. Fredholm theory of Wiener-Hopf equations in terms of realization of their symbols. Integral Equations and Operator Theory, 8:590–613, 1985.
H. Bart, I. Gohberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. Explicit Wiener-Hopf factorization and realization. In: Constructive methods of Wiener-Hopf factorization, pages 235–316. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Boston, 1986.
H. Bart, I. Gohberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. Invariants for Wiener-Hopf equivalence of analytic operator functions. In: Constructive methods of Wiener-Hopf factorization,pages 317–355. Birkhäuser, Basel, 1986.
H. Bart, I. Gohberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. Multiplication by diagonals and reduction to canonical factorization. In: Constructive methods of Wiener-Hopf factorization, pages 357–372. Birkhäuser, Basel, 1986.
H. Bart, I. Gohberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. Wiener-Hopf equations with symbols analytic in a strip. In: Constructive methods of Wiener-Hopf factorization,pages 39–74. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Boston, 1986.
H. Bart, I. Gohberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. Wiener-Hopf factorization, inverse Fourier transforms and exponentially dichotomous operators. J. Functional Analysis, 8:1–42, 1986.
H. Bart, I. Gohberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. The state method in problems of analysis. In: Proceedings first international conference on industrial and applied mathematics. Contributions from the Netherlands, pages 1–16. CWI, Amsterdam, 1987.
M.A. Bastos and A.F. dos Santos. Generalized factorization for a class of 2 × 2 matrix functions with non-rational entries. Applicable Analysis, 46:101–127, 1992.
M.A. Bastos and A.F. dos Santos. Generalized factorization for a class 2 × 2 matrix functions with rationally-independent entries. Complex Variables, 22:153–174, 1993.
G.D. Birkhoff. A theorem on matrices of analytic functions. Math. Ann., 74:122–133, 1913.
C.J. Bishop, A. Böttcher, Yu.I. Karlovich, and I.M. Spitkovsky. Local spectra and index of singular integral operators with piecewise continuous coefficients on composed curves. Math. Nachr., 206, 1999.
B.V. Bojarskii. On the stability of the Hilbert problem for a holomorphic vector. Soobscch. Akad. Nauk Gruzin. SSR,21(4):391–398, 1958.
A. Böttcher, S.M. Grudsky, and I.M. Spitkovsky. Matrix functions with arbitrarily prescribed left and right partial indices. Integral Equations Operator Theory, 36(1):71–91, 2000.
A. Böttcher, S.M. Grudsky, and I.M. Spitkovsky. On the Fredholm indices of associated systems of Wiener-Hopf equations. J. Integral Equations Appl., 12(1):1–29, 2000.
A. Böttcher and Yu.I. Karlovich. Toeplitz and singular integral operators on general Carleson Jordan curves. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications,90:119–152, 1996.
A. Böttcher and Yu.I. Karlovich. Carleson curves, Muckenhoupt weights, and Toeplitz operators. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Boston, 1997.
A. Böttcher and Yu.I. Karlovich. Toeplitz operators with PC symbols on general Carleson Jordan curves with arbitrary Muckenhoupt weights. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 351(8):3143–3196, 1999.
A. Böttcher, Yu.I. Karlovich, and I.M. Spitkovsky. Toeplitz operators with semialmost-periodic matrix symbols on Hardy spaces. Acta Appl. Math., 65(1–3):115–136, 2001. Special issue dedicated to Antonio Avantaggiati on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
A. Böttcher, Yu.I. Karlovich, and I.M. Spitkovsky. Convolution Operators and Factorization of Almost Periodic Matrix Functions. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Boston, 2002.
M.S. Budjanu and I.C. Gohberg. General theorems on the factorization of matrix-valued functions,. I. fundamental theorems. Amer. Math. Soc. Transl., 102:1–14, 1973.
M.S. Budjanu and I.C. Gohberg. General theorems on the factorization of matrix-valued functions,. II. some tests and their consequences. Amer. Math. Soc. Transl., 102:15–26, 1973.
A.-P. Calderón. Cauchy integrals on Lipschitz curves and related operators. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 74(4):1324–1327, 1977.
F.M. Callier and C.A. Desoer. Linear system theory. Springer, New York etc., 1991.
M.C. Câmara, A.F. dos Santos, and M.A. Bastos. Generalized factorization for Daniele-Khrapkov matrix functions — explicit formulas. J. Math. Anal. Appl., 190:295–328, 1995.
G.N. Chebotarev. Partial indices of the Riemann boundary value problem with a second order triangular matrix coefficient. Uspekhi Mat. Nauk, 11(3):192–202, 1956. in Russsian.
I.S. Chebotaru. The reduction of systems of Wiener-hopf equations to systems with vanishing indices. Bul. Akad. Stiince RSS Moldoven, (8):54–66, 1967.
K.F. Clancey and I. Gohberg. Factorization of Matrix Functions and Singular Integral Operators. Birkhäuser, Basel and Boston, 1981.
L. Coburn and R.G. Douglas. Translation operators on the half-line. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 62:1010–1013, 1969.
L. Coburn, R.D. Moyer, and I.M. Singer. C*-algebras of almost periodic pseudo-differential operators. Acta Math., 130:279–307, 1973.
C. Corduneanu. Almost Periodic Functions. J. Wiley & Sons, 1968.
R. Curtain and H. Zwart. An Introduction to Infinite Dimensional Linear Systems Theory. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995.
G. David. Opérateurs intégraux singuliers sur certaines courbes du plan complexe. Ann. Sci. École Norm. Sup. (4), 17(1):157–189, 1984.
Van der Mee. Semigroup and Factorization Methods in Transport Theory. Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, 1981.
R.G. Douglas. Banach algebra techniques in operator theory. Academic Press, New York, 1972. Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 49.
R.G. Douglas. Banach algebra techniques in operator theory. Springer-Verlag, New York, second edition, 1998.
I. Feldman, I. Gohberg, and N. Krupnik. On explicit factorization and applications. Integral Equations and Operator Theory, 21:430–459, 1995.
I. Feldman, N. Krupnik, and A. Markus. Partial indices of small perturbations of a degenerate continuous matrix function. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, 2001. to appear.
I. Feldman and A. Markus. On some properties of factorization indices. Integral Equations and Operator Theory, 30:326–337, 1998.
B.A. Francis. A Course in H ∞ Control Theory, volume 88 of Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. Springer-Verlag, 1987.
F.D. Gahov. Riemann’s boundary problem for a system of n pairs of functions. Uspehi Matem. Nauk (N.S.), 7(4(50)):3–54, 1952.
I. Glazman and Y. Lyubich. Finite-dimensional Linear Analysis: a Systematic Presentation in Problem Form. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1974.
K. Glover. All optimal hankel-norm approximations of linear multivariable systems and their 1∞ bounds. Int. J. Control, 39:1115–1193, 1984.
I. Gohberg. The factorization problem in normed rings, functions of isometric and symmetric operators, and singular integral equations. Uspehi Mat. Nauk, 19:71–124, 1964.
I. Gohberg, S. Goldberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. Classes of Linear Operators, I. OT49. Birkhäuser Verlag, 1990.
I. Gohberg, S. Goldberg, and M.A. Kaashoek. Classes of linear operators. Vol. II. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Boston, 1993.
I. Gohberg and M.A. Kaashoek. Block Toeplitz operators with rational symbols. In: I. Gohberg, J.W. Helton, and L. Rodman, editors, Contributions to Operator Theory and its Applications,volume 35 of Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, Basel and Boston, 1988. Birkhäuser Verlag.
I. Gohberg and M.A. Kaashoek. The state space method for solving singular integral equations. In: Mathematical system theory, pages 509–523. Springer, Berlin, 1991.
I. Gohberg and M.A. Kaashoek. State methods for analysis problems involving rational matrix functions. In: Dynamical systems, control, coding, computer vision,pages 93–110. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 1999.
I. Gohberg and M.G. Krein. On the stability of a system of partial indices of the hilbert problem for several unknown functions. Dokl.Akad. Nauk SSSR, 119:854–857, 1958.
I. Gohberg and M.G. Krein. Systems of integral equations on a half-line with kernel depending upon the difference of the arguments. Uspekhi Mat. Nauk, 13(2):3–72, 1958. English translation: Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. 14 (1960), no. 2, 217–287.
I. Gohberg and N. Krupnik. Systems of singular integral equations in weighted L p spaces. Soviet Math. Dokl., 10:688–691, 1969.
I. Gohberg and N. Krupnik. One-Dimensional Linear Singular Integral Equations. Introduction, volume 1 of OT 53. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Boston, 1992. Volume 1 of the extended translation of the book published in Russian by Shtiintsa, Kishinev, in 1973.
I. Gohberg, P. Lancaster, and L. Rodman. Spectral analysis of matrix polynomials. II. Linear Algebra Appl., 21:65–88, 1978.
I. Gohberg and Y. Zucker. Left and right factorizations of rational matrix functions. Integral Equations Operator Theory, 19(2):216–239, 1994.
I. Gohberg and Y. Zucker. On canonical factorization of rational matrix functions. Integral Equations Operator Theory, 25(1):73–93, 1996.
I. C. Gohberg and I.A. Feldman. Wiener-Hopf integro-difference equations. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 183:25–28, 1968. English translation: Soviet Math. Dokl. 9 (1968), 1312–13416.
I. C. Gohberg and I.A. Feldman. Convolution Equations and Projection Methods for their Solution, 1971. English translation Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. of Math. Monographs 41, Providence, R.I. Nauka, Moscow 1974.
I.C. Gohberg and Ju. Leiterer. General theorems on the canonical factorization of operator functions with respect to a contour. Mat. Issled., 7(3(25)):87–134, 269, 1972.
W. Greenberg, C. van der Mee, and V. Protopopescu. Boundary value problems in abstract kinetic theory, volume 23 of Operator Theory: Advances and Applications. Birkhäuser Verlag, 1987.
G.J. Groenewald. Wiener-Hopf factorization of rational matrix functions in terms of realizations: an alternative version. PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1993.
A. Grothendieck. Sur la classification des fibrés holomorphes sur la sphere de Riemann. Amer. J. Math., 79:121–138, 1957.
K.E. Gustafson and D.K. M. Rao. Numerical Range. The Field of Values of Linear Operators and Matrices. Springer, New York, 1997.
P.R. Halmos. A Hilbert space problem book. Springer-Verlag, New York, second edition, 1982. Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, 17.
R.A. Horn and C.R. Johnson. Topics in Matrix Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991.
B.V. Hvedelidze. The method of Cauchy type integrals for discontinuous boundary value problems of the theory of holomorphic functions of one complex variable. In: Current problems in mathematics, Vol. 7 (Russian), pages 5–162 (errata insert). Akad. Nauk SSSR Vsesojuz. Inst. Naucn. i Tehn. Informacii, Moscow, 1975. English translation: J. Sov. Math. 7 (1977), 309–414.
T. Kailath. Linear systems. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1980.
R.E. Kalman, P.L. Falb, and M.A. Arbib. Topics in mathematical system theory. McGraw-Hill, New-York, 1969.
H.G. Kaper, C.C. Lekkerkerker, and J. Hejtmanek. Spectral methods in linear transport theory, volume 23 of Operator Theory: Advances and Applications. Birkhäuser Verlag, 1987.
Yu.I. Karlovich and I.M. Spitkovsky. Factorization of almost periodic matrix-valued functions and the Noether theory for certain classes of equations of convolution type. Mathematics of the USSR, Izvestiya,34:281–316, 1990.
Tosio Kato. Perturbation theory for linear operators. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995. Reprint of the 1980 edition.
I. Krupnik, A. Markus, and V. Matsaev. Factorization of matrix functions and characteristic properties of the circle. Integral Equations and Operator Theory, 17(4):554–566, 1993.
N.Ya. Krupnik. A criterion for singular integral operators with measurable coefficients to be Noetherian. Sakharth. SSR Mecn. Akad. Moambe, 80(3):533–536, 1975.
N.Ya. Krupnik. Some general problems in the theory of one-dimensional singular integral operators with matrix coefficients. Mat. Issled., 42:91–113, 1976.
B.M. Levitan and V.V. Zhikov. Almost Periodic Functions and Differential Equations. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
G.S. Litvinchuk and I.M. Spitkovsky. Factorization of Measurable Matrix Functions. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Boston, 1987.
A. Markus and V. Matsaev. The failure of factorization of positive matrix functions on noncircular contours. Linear Algebra Appl.,208/209:231–237, 1994.
A.S. Markus and V.I. Macaev. Two remarks on the factorization of matrix-valued functions. Mat. Issled. Nonselfadjoint operators, (42):216–223, 234,1976.
A.W. Marshall and I. Olkin. Inequalities: Theory of Majorization and its Applications, volume 143 of Mathematics in Science and Engineering. Academic Press, New York-London, 1979.
C.V.M. van der Mee. Semigroup and factorization methods in transport theory,volume 146 of MC Tracts. Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, 1981.
E. Meister. Randwertaufgaben der Funktionentheorie. B.G. Teubner, Stuttgart, 1983. Mit Anwendungen auf singuläre Integralgleichungen and Schwingungsprobleme der mathematischen Physik. [With applications to singular integral equations and oscillation problems in mathematical physics].
E. Meister and F.-O. Speck. Wiener-Hopf factorization of certain non-rational matrix functions in mathematical physics. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, 41:385–394, 1989.
N.I. Muskhelishvili and N.P. Vekua. Riemann’s boundary value problem for several unknown functions and its application to systems of singular integral equations. [Tray. Inst. Math. Tbilissi /Trudy Tbiliss. Mat. Inst.], 12:1–46, 1943.
N.I Muskhelishvili. Singular Integral Equations. Noordhoff, Groningen, 1963.
F.L. Nazarov and S.R. Treil. The hunt for a Hellman function: applications to estimates for singular integral operators and to other classical problems of harmonic analysis. Algebra i Analiz, 8(5):32–162, 1996.
A.M. Nikolaichuk and I.M. Spitkovsky. The Riemann boundary value problem with a Hermitian matrix. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 221(6):1280–1283, 1975. English translation: Soviet Math. Dokl. 16 (1975), 533–536.
V.A. Paatashvili and G.A. Khuskivadze. Boundedness of a singular Cauchy operator in Lebesgue spaces in the case of nonsmooth contours. Trudy Tbiliss. Mat. Inst. Razmadze Akad. Nauk Gruzin. SSR, 69:93–107, 1982.
J. Plemelj. Riemannsche Funktionenscharen mit gegebener Monodromiegruppe. Monat. Math. Phys.,19:211–245, 1908.
J. Plemelj. Problems in the sense of Riemann and Klein. Interscience Publishers John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York-London-Sydney, 1964.
H.R. Pousson. Systems of Toeplitz operators on H2. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 19:603–608, 1968.
M. Rabindranathan. On the inversion of Toeplitz operators. J. Math. Mech.,19:195–206, 1969/1970.
A. Ran. Minimal factorization of self-adjoint rational matrix functions. Integral Equations and Operator Theory, 5:850–869, 1982.
A.I. Saginashvili. Singular integral equations with coefficients having discontinuities of semi-almost periodic type. Trudy Tbiliss. Mat. Inst. Razmadze, 66:84–95, 1980. English translation: Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. 127, no. 2 (1986).
D. Sarason. Toeplitz operators with semi-almost periodic symbols. Duke Math. J., 44(2):357–364, 1977.
Yu.L. Shmulyan. The Riemann problem with a positive definite matrix. Uspekhi Matem. Nauk, 8(2):143–145, 1953.
Yu.L. Shmulyan. The Riemann problem with a hermitian matrix. Uspekhi Matem. Nauk, 9(4):243–248, 1954.
I.B. Simonenko. The Riemann boundary value problem for n pairs of functions with continuous coefficients. Izv. Vys. Uchebn. Zaved. Matematika, (1 (20)):140–145, 1961.
I.B. Simonenko. The Riemann boundary value problem for n pairs of functions with measurable coefficients and its application to the investigation of singular integrals in the spaces L p with weight. Irv. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Ser. Mat., 28(2):277–306, 1964.
I.B. Simonenko. Some general questions of the theory of the Riemann boundary value problem. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Ser. Mat.,2:1091–1099, 1968.
I.M. Spitkovsky. Stability of partial indices of the Riemann boundary value problem with a strictly nondegenerate matrix. Soviet Math. Dokl.,15:1267–1271, 1974.
I.M. Spitkovsky. The problem of the factorization of measurable matrix-valued functions. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,227(3):576–579, 1976.
I.M. Spitkovsky. On the question of the factorability of measurable matrix-valued functions. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,240(3):541–544, 1978.
I.M. Spitkovsky. Block operators and related questions of the theory of factorization of matrix-valued functions. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,254(4):816–820, 1980.
I.M. Spitkovsky. Some estimates for partial indices of measurable matrix-valued functions. Math. USSR Sbornik, 39(2):207–226, 1981.
I.M. Spitkovsky. Singular integral operators with PC symbols on the spaces with general weights. J. Functional Analysis, 105:129–143, 1992.
F. Stummel. Diskrete Konvergenz linearer Operatoren. II. Math. Z., 120:231–264, 1971.
S. Treil and A. Volberg. Wavelets and the angle between past and future. J. Functional Analysis, 143(2):269–308, 1997.
N.P. Vekua. Systems of singular integral equations. P. Noordhoff Ltd., Groningen, 1967.
A. Volberg. Matrix Ap weights via S-functions. J. Amer. Math. Soc., 10(2):445–466, 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Basel AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gohberg, I., Kaashoek, M.A., Spitkovsky, I.M. (2003). An Overview of Matrix Factorization Theory and Operator Applications. In: Gohberg, I., Manojlovic, N., dos Santos, A.F. (eds) Factorization and Integrable Systems. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, vol 141. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8003-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8003-9_1
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9400-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8003-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive