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40 Years of Formal Methods

Some Obstacles and Some Possibilities?

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FM 2014: Formal Methods (FM 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 8442))

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Abstract

In this “40 years of formal methods” essay we shall first delineate, Sect. 1, what we mean by method, formal method, computer science, computing science, software engineering, and model-oriented and algebraic methods. Based on this, we shall characterize a spectrum from specification-oriented methods to analysis-oriented methods. Then, Sect. 2, we shall provide a “survey”: which are the ‘prerequisite works’ that have enabled formal methods, Sect. 2.1, and which are, to us, the, by now, classical ‘formal methods’, Sect. 2.2. We then ask ourselves the question: have formal methods for software development, in the sense of this paper been successful? Our answer is, regretfully, no! We motivate this answer, in Sect. 3.2, by discussing eight obstacles or hindrances to the proper integration of formal methods in university research and education as well as in industry practice. This “looking back” is complemented, in Sect. 3.4, by a “looking forward” at some promising developments — besides the alleviation of the (eighth or more) hindrances!

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  1. Fredsvej 11, DK-2840, Holte, Danmark

    Dines Bjørner

  2. Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark

    Dines Bjørner

  3. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Calif. Inst. of Techn., Pasadena, California, 91109, USA

    Klaus Havelund

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  1. Dines Bjørner
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  1. School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle, UK

    Cliff Jones

  2. Data Abstraction (Pty) Ltd., 7 Saint David’s Park, Saint David’s Place, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Pekka Pihlajasaari

  3. Information System Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 20 Dover Road, 138682, Singapore

    Jun Sun

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Bjørner, D., Havelund, K. (2014). 40 Years of Formal Methods. In: Jones, C., Pihlajasaari, P., Sun, J. (eds) FM 2014: Formal Methods. FM 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8442. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06410-9_4

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