Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Time Perspective and Personality

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application

Abstract

Time perspective is a phenomenon that could be differently conceptualized (e.g. as an attitude, as a flexible dynamic process, etc.) thus one of the ways to conceptualize time perspective is to consider it as a stable personality disposition. This chapter covers research studies that show a strong relationship between personality traits and time perspective. Particularly strong relations are found between future and conscientiousness, as well as past negative and neuroticism. What is more, there is sufficient evidence speaking in favour of time perspective being an independent construct that has additional prognostic value even after personality traits have been controlled for. This chapter also analyses the hypothesis that time perspective has likeliness to personality trait – is stable, broad and therefore can be considered as relatively stable dispositional characteristic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams, J., & Nettle, D. (2009). Time perspective, personality and smoking, body mass, and physical activity: An empirical study. British Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 83–105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andriessen, I., Phalet, K., & Lens, W. (2006). Future goal setting, task motivation and learning of minority and non-minority students in Dutch schools. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 827–850.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Apostolidis, T., Fieulaine, N., Simonin, L., & Rolland, G. (2006). Cannabis use, time perspective and risk perception: Evidence of a moderating effect. Psychology and Health, 21(5), 571–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagdonas, A., Kairys, A., Liniauskaite, A., & Pakalniskiene, A. (2013). Lietuvos gyventojų psichologinė gerovė ir jos veiksniai [Psychological well-being of residents of Lithuania and its factors]. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, M. H. (2013). Refining Lewin’s formula: A general model for explaining situational influence on individual social behaviour. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 16, 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boniwell, I., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2004). Balancing one’s time perspective in pursuit of optimal functioning. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 165–181). Hoboken: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boniwell, I., Osin, E., Linley, P. A., & Ivanchenko, G. V. (2010). A question of balance: Time perspective and well-being in British and Russian samples. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 24–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brannigan, G. G., Shahon, A. J., & Schaller, J. A. (1992). Locus of control and time orientation in daydreaming: Implications for therapy. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 153(3), 359–361.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cate, R. A., & John, O. P. (2007). Testing models of the structure and development of future time perspective: Maintaining a focus on opportunities in middle age. Psychology and Aging, 22(1), 186–201.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cattell, R. B. (1965/2008). The scientific analysis of personality. New Brunswick: Aldine Transaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI - R™) and NEO Five – Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Lutz: PAR.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: Traits and a meta-analysis of 137 personality subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 197–229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkel, C. S., & Weber, J. L. (2010). Using three levels of personality to predict time perspective. Current Psychology, 29(2), 95–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epel, E., Bandura, A., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1999). Escaping homelessness, the influences of self-efficacy and time perspective on coping with homelessness. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(3), 575–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fingerman, K. L., & Perlamutter, M. (1993). Future time perspective and life events across adulthood. The Journal of General Psychology, 122(1), 95–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funder, D. C. (2001). Personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 197–221.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gjesme, T. (1983). On the concept of future time orientation: Considerations and some functions’ and measurements’ implications. International Journal of Psychology, 18, 443–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, V., Krings, F., Bangerter, A., & Grob, A. (2009). The influence of personality and life events on subjective well-being from a life span perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 345–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harber, K. D., Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (2003). Participant self-selection biases as a function of individual differences in time perspective. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25(3), 255–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (1998). Getting “stuck” in the past: Temporal orientation and coping with trauma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1146–1163.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (2004). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kairys, A. (2010a). Correlations between time perspective and personality traits in different age groups. Tiltai, 2, 159–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kairys, A. (2010b). Laiko perspektyva: sąsajos su asmenybės bruožais, amžiumi ir lytimi (daktaro disertacija) [Time perspective: Its link to personality traits, age, and gender (Doctoral dissertation)], Vilnius University, Vilnius.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, W. E., & Johnson, J. L. (2005). Time use efficiency and the five-factor model of personality. Education, 125(3), 511–515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keough, K. A., Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Who’s smoking, drinking, and using drags? Time perspective as a predictor of substance use. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21(2), 149–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kihlstrom, J. F. (2013). The person–situation interaction. In P. E. Nathan (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of social cognition (pp. 786–806). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolesovs, A. (2002). The relation between time perspective and locus of control in high school students. Baltic Journal of Psychology, 3(2), 7–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, F. R., & Carstensen, L. L. (2002). Time counts: Future time perspective, goals, and social relationships. Psychology and Aging, 17(1), 125–139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lens, W., & Moreas, M. A. (1994). Future time perspective: An individual and a societal approach. In Z. Zalesky (Ed.), Psychology of future orientation (pp. 23–28). Lublin: Towarzystwo Naukowe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. (1936). Principles of topological psychology. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, R. E., & Diener, E. (2008). Personality and subjective well-being. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Perwin (Eds.), Handbook of personality. Theory and research (pp. 795–814). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luszczynska, A., Gibbons, F., Piko, B. F., & Tekozel, M. (2004). Self-regulatory cognitions, social comparison, and perceived peers’ behaviors as predictors of nutrition and physical activity: A comparison among adolescents in Hungary, Poland, Turkey, and USA. Psychology and Health, 19(5), 577–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luyckx, K., Lens, W., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2010). Time perspective and identity formation: Short-term longitudinal dynamics in college students. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34(3), 238–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacKillop, J., Anderson, A. J., Castelda, B. A., Mattson, R. A., & Donovick, P. J. (2003). Convergent validity of measures of cognitive distortions, impulsivity, and time perspective with pathological gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20(1), 75–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003). Personality traits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McAdams, D. P., & Pals, J. L. (2006). A new big five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61(3), 204–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCrae, R. R. (2005). Personality structure. In V. J. Derlega, B. A. Winstead, & W. H. Jones (Eds.), Personality. Contemporary theory and research (pp. 192–217). Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1995). Trait explanations in personality psychology. European Journal of Personality, 9, 231–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2003). Personality in adulthood. New York: The Guilford Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Муздыбаев, К. [Muzdybajev, K.]. (1983). Психология ответственности [The psychology of responsibility]. Ленинград [Leningrad]: Наука [Nauka].

    Google Scholar 

  • Nurmi, J. E. (1989). Development of orientation to the future during early adolescence: A four-year longitudinal study and two cross-sectional comparisons. International Journal of Psychology, 24, 195–214.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nuttin, J. (1985). Future time perspective and motivation. Leuven: Leuven University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 539–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rammsayer, T. H. (2002). Temporal information processing and basic dimensions of personality: Differential effects of psychoticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 827–838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, R. N., & Bryzan, A. (2004). Relationships between future orientation, impulsive sensation seeking, and risk behavior among adjudicated adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19, 428–445.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmutte, P. S., & Ryff, C. D. (1997). Personality and well-being: reexamining methods and meanings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(3), 549–559.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seijts, G. H. (1998). The importance of future time perspective in theories of work motivation. The Journal of Psychology, 132(3), 154–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M. (2013). B = f (P, S): Perspectives on persons and situations, from Lewin to Bond and beyond. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 16, 16–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez, S. M., & Rapetti, M. V. (2006). Future time perspective and motivational categories in Argentinean adolescents. Adolescence, 41(163), 511–532.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Volker, M. A. (2006). Reporting effect size estimates in school psychology research. Psychology in the Schools, 43(6), 653–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A., Sandy, J. M., & Yaeger, A. M. (2001). Time perspective and early – Onset substance use: A model based on stress – Coping theory. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 15(2), 118–125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zacher, H., & Frese, M. (2009). Remaining time and opportunities at work: Relationships between age, work characteristics, and occupational future time perspective. Psychology and Aging, 24, 487–493.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zaleski, Z. (1994). Towards a psychology of the personal future. In Z. Zaleski (Ed.), 2 (pp. 23–38). Lublin: Towarzystwo Naukowe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J. W., & Howell, R. T. (2011). Do time perspectives predict unique variance in life satisfaction beyond personality traits? Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1261–1266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Stolarski, M. (2013). Comparing three methods to measure a balanced time perspective: The relationship between a balanced time perspective and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Study, 14, 169–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimbardo, P. G, & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective. A valid, reliable individual-difference metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271–1288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (2008). The time paradox. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Antanas Kairys

  2. Department of Psychology, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania

    Audrone Liniauskaite

Authors
  1. Antanas Kairys
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Audrone Liniauskaite
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antanas Kairys .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Maciej Stolarski

  2. Groupe de Recherche en Psychologie Sociale, Institut de Psychologie, University of Lyon, Lyon-Bron, France

    Nicolas Fieulaine

  3. GGZ Veenendaal, Veenendaal, The Netherlands

    Wessel van Beek

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kairys, A., Liniauskaite, A. (2015). Time Perspective and Personality. In: Stolarski, M., Fieulaine, N., van Beek, W. (eds) Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07368-2_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation