Abstract
Pain is one of the most important non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease that should be taken into consideration carefully in these types of patients. Indeed, it is the most bothersome symptom ranked after slowness, tremor, and stiffness that is extremely distressful for patients. Pain often remains undetected, and it is a major cause of heath reduction related to the quality of life. Cognitive-impaired patients may have a compromised self-pain evaluation that does not allow them to objectively report their discomfort, and as result the physician is not able to select the most suitable therapy. Recent neuropsychological studies have underlined the importance of evaluating the cognitive status of the patients in order to identify those who have greater risk of cognitive impairment to facilitate intervention studies. Importantly, pain in PD is frequently under-recognized and is often undetected in about 40 % of patients.
Experimental pain studies are also an important challenge in order to analyze the functioning of pain-related areas and to understand the target of neuropathological changes in order to address individualized approaches.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Amanzio M, Monteverdi S, Giordano A et al (2010) Impaired awareness of movement disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Cogn 72:337–346
Amanzio M, Palermo S, Zibetti M et al (2014) Self-unawareness of Levodopa induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Brain Cogn 90C:135–141
Beiske AG, Loge JH, Rønningen A et al (2009) Pain in Parkinson’s disease: prevalence and characteristics. Pain 141:173–177
Braak H, Sastre M, Bohl JR et al (2007) Parkinson’s disease: lesions in dorsal horn layer I, involvement of parasympathetic and sympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons. Acta Neuropathol 113:421–429
Brefel-Courbon C, Payoux P, Thalamas C et al (2005) Effect of levodopa on pain threshold in Parkinson’s disease: a clinical and positron emission tomography study. Mov Disord 20:1557–1563
Broeders M, de Bie RM, Velseboer DC et al (2013) Evolution of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease. Neurology 81(4):346e52
Broetz D, Eichner M, Gasser T et al (2007) Radicular and nonradicular back pain in Parkinson’s disease: a controlled study. Mov Disord 22:853–856
Brooks DJ (2006) Dopaminergic action beyond its effects on motor function: imaging studies. J Neurol 253:IV8–IV15
Cahn DA, Sullivan EV, Shear PK et al (1998) Differential contributions of cognitive and motor component processes to physical and instrumental activities of daily living in Parkinson’s disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 13:575–583
Caviness JN, Driver-Dunckley E, Connor DJ et al (2007) Defining mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 22(9):1272–1277
Chaudhuri KR, Schapira AH (2009) Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Neurol 8:464–474
Chaudhuri KR, Healy DG, Schapira AH, National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2006) Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol 5:235–245
Chaudhuri KR, Prieto-Jurcynska C, Naidu Y et al (2010) The nondeclaration of nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease to health care professionals: an international study using the nonmotor symptoms questionnaire. Mov Disord 25:704–709
Cools R, Barker RA, Sahakian BJ et al (2001) Mechanisms of cognitive set flexibility in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 124:2503–2512
Czernecki V, Pillon B, Houeto JL et al (2002) Motivation, reward, and Parkinson’s disease: influence of dopatherapy. Neuropsychologia 40:2257–2267
Dellapina E, Ory-Magne F, Regragui W et al (2012) Effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on pain in Parkinson’s disease. Pain 153:2267–2273
Dirnberger G, Jahanshahi M (2013) Executive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: a review. J Neuropsychol 7:193–224
Dujardin K, Defebvre L, Grunberg C et al (2001) Memory and executive function in sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease. Brain 124:389–398
Ehrt U, Larsen JP, Aarsland D (2009) Pain and its relationship to depression in Parkinson disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 17:269–275
Emre M, Aarsland D, Brown R et al (2007) Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 22:1689–1707
Ford B (2000) Pain in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurosci 5:63–72
Ford B (2009) Parkinson disease: pain in Parkinson disease: the hidden epidemic. Nat Rev Neurol 5:242–243
Gerdelat-Mas A, Simonetta-Moreau M, Thalamas C et al (2007) Levodopa raises objective pain threshold in Parkinson’s disease: a RIII reflex study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:1140–1142
Goetz CG, Tannerc M, Levy M et al (1986) Pain in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 1:45–49
Goldman JG, Holden S, Bernard B et al (2013) Defining optimal cutoff scores for cognitive impairment using Movement Disorder Society Task Force criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 28:1972–1979
Ha AD, Jankovic J (2012) Pain in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 27:485–491
Hanagasi HA, Akat S, Gurvit H et al (2011) Pain is common in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 113:11–13
Hely MA, Reid WG, Adena MA et al (2008) The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson’s disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Mov Disord 23:837e44
Janvin CC, Larsen JP, Aarsland D et al (2006) Subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: progression to dementia. Mov Disord 21:1343–1349
Jarcho JM, Mayer EA, Jiang ZK et al (2012) Pain, affective symptoms, and cognitive deficits in patients with cerebral dopamine dysfunction. Pain 153:744–754
Kudlicka A, Clare L, Hindle JV (2011) Executive functions in Parkinson’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord 26:2305–2315
Kulisevsky J, Fernandez de Bobadilla R, Pagonabarraga J et al (2013) Measuring functional impact of cognitive impairment: validation of the Parkinson’s disease cognitive functional rating scale. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19:812–817
Lee MA, Walker RW, Hildreth TJ et al (2006) A survey of pain in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. J Pain Symptom Manage 32:462–469
Lewis SJ, Shine JM, Duffy S et al (2012) Anterior cingulate integrity: executive and neuropsychiatric features in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 27:1262–1267
Litvan I, Aarsland D, Adler CH et al (2011) MDS task force on mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: critical review of PD-MCI. Mov Disord 26:1814e24
Litvan I, Goldman JG, Troster AI et al (2012) Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: Movement Disorder Society Task Force guidelines. Mov Disord 27:349–356
Lökk J (2012) Parkinson’s disease patients’ subjective descriptions of characteristics of chronic pain, sleeping patterns and health-related quality of life. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 8:435–442
Marras C, Armstrong MJ, Meaney CA et al (2013) Measuring mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 28:626e33
Marras C, Troster AI, Kulisevsky J et al (2014) The tools of the trade: a state of the art “how to assess cognition” in the patient with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 29:584–596
Martinez-Martin P (2011) The importance of non-motor disturbances to quality of life in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 310:12–16
Muslimovic D, Post B, Speelman JD et al (2005) Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Neurology 65:1239–1245
Mylius V, Engau I, Teepker M et al (2009) Pain sensitivity and descending inhibition of pain in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80:24–28
Mylius V, Brebbermann J, Dohmann H et al (2011) Pain sensitivity and clinical progression in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 26:2220–2225
Nègre-Pagès L, Regragui W, Bouhassira D et al (2008) Chronic pain in Parkinson’s disease: the cross-sectional French DoPaMiP survey. Mov Disord 23:1361–1369
Nolano M, Provitera V, Estraneo A et al (2008) Sensory deficit in Parkinson’s disease: evidence of a cutaneous denervation. Brain 131:1903–1911
Perrotta A, Sandrini G, Serrao M et al (2011) Facilitated temporal summation of pain at spinal level in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 26:442–448
Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC et al (1999) Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol 56:303–308
Politis M, Wu K, Molloy S et al (2010) Parkinson’s disease symptoms: the patient’s perspective. Mov Disord 25:1646–1651
Quartana PJ, Campbell CM, Edwards RR (2009) Pain catastrophizing: a critical review. Expert Rev Neurother 9:745–758
Rana AQ, Kabir A, Jesudasan M et al (2013) Pain in Parkinson’s disease: analysis and literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 115:2313–2317
Sabbagh MN, Silverberg N, Bircea S et al (2005) Is the functional decline of Parkinson’s disease similar to the functional decline of Alzheimer’s disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 11:311–315
Sabbagh MN, Lahti T, Connor DJ et al (2007) Functional ability correlates with cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 24:327–334
Schestatsky P, Kumru H, Valls-Sole J et al (2007) Neurophysiologic study of central pain in patients with Parkinson disease. Neurology 69:2162–2169
Shulman LM, Gruber-Baldini AL, Anderson KE et al (2008) The evolution of disability in Parkinson disease. Mov Disord 23:790–796
Skogar Ö, Fall P-A, Hallgren G et al (2012) Parkinson’s disease patients’ subjective descriptions of characteristics of chronic pain, sleeping patterns and health-related quality of life. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 8:435–442
Taylor AE, Saint-Cyr JA, Lang AE (1986) Frontal lobe dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. The cortical focus of neostriatal outflow. Brain 109:845–883
Tinazzi M, Del Vesco C, Defazio G et al (2008) Abnormal processing of the nociceptive input in Parkinson’s disease: a study with CO2 laser evoked potentials. Pain 136:117–124
Tykocki T, Kornakiewicz A, Mandat T et al (2013) Pain perception in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Clin Neurosci 20:663–666
Werheid K, Koch I, Reichert K et al (2007) Impaired self-initiated task preparation during task switching in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia 45:273–281
Zambito Marsala S, Tinazzi M, Vitaliani R et al (2011) Spontaneous pain, pain threshold, and pain tolerance in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 258:627–633
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Amanzio, M. (2015). Pain in Parkinson Patients. In: Pickering, G., Gibson, S. (eds) Pain, Emotion and Cognition. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12033-1_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12033-1_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12032-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12033-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)