Abstract
Arteries are permanently exposed to mechanical stress. Mechanical stress can be divided according to their nature, either tensile stress or shear stress. Tensile stress corresponds to changes in dimension according to changes in forces applied on the vessel. Shear stress is of a different nature; it corresponds to the friction of viscous fluid (here the blood) on the inner surface of the vessel (here the endothelium). It is to be noted that direct measurement of stress is difficult in vivo and that stress is most of the time deduced from stretch (elongation) and force (derived from pressure). Stress can also be derived from mechanical modelling.
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Glossary
- Compliance
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Change in volume for a change in pressure. Expresses the elasticity of a chamber.
- Distensibility
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Compliance normalized to initial volume.
- Elastic modulus
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Either incremental elastic modulus (if reference dimension unknown) or Young’s elastic modulus (if reference dimension known). Ratio of stress to stretch: expresses the stiffness of the wall material.
- Pressure
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Force per unit of surface.
- Stress
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Force per unit of surface (same unit as pressure).
- Stretch
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Elongation, defined from a reference dimension, synonymous to strain.
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Boutouyrie, P., Beaussier, H., Laurent, S. (2015). Hemodynamic and Mechanical Factors Acting on Arteries. In: Berbari, A., Mancia, G. (eds) Arterial Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14556-3_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14556-3_7
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