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microRNA and Allergy

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microRNA: Medical Evidence

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 888))

Abstract

Allergy is a common hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system, which, along with other factors, is also subjected to regulation by microRNAs. The most common allergic diseases are allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, which all are multifactorial and very heterogeneous conditions, highlighting the need for more individualized treatment techniques. More particular key questions in relation to allergic diseases are how microRNAs influence the differentiation, polarization, plasticity and functions of T helper and other immune cells, as well as the development of immune tolerance. In addition, microRNAs can affect allergic inflammation and tissue remodeling through their functions in epithelial and other tissue cells. Among immune system-related microRNAs, miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-155 are the most intensively studied and have convincingly been demonstrated to regulate immune responses and tissue inflammation in allergic diseases. Further characterization of microRNA functions is important, as similar to other conditions, the modulation of microRNA expression could potentially be used for therapeutic purposes in allergic diseases in the future. In addition, miRNAs could be implemented as biomarkers for endotyping complex allergic conditions.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by EU structural assistance grant SARMP12219T and personal research grant PUT214 from Estonian Research Council.

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  1. Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

    Ana Rebane

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  1. Ana Rebane
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Correspondence to Ana Rebane .

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  1. Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

    Gaetano Santulli

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Rebane, A. (2015). microRNA and Allergy. In: Santulli, G. (eds) microRNA: Medical Evidence. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 888. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_17

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