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Infectious Mononucleosis

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Book cover Epstein Barr Virus Volume 1

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 390))

Abstract

Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical entity characterized by sore throat, cervical lymph node enlargement, fatigue, and fever most often seen in adolescents and young adults and lasting several weeks. It can be caused by a number of pathogens, but this chapter only discusses infectious mononucleosis due to primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV is a γ-herpesvirus that infects at least 90 % of the population worldwide. The virus is spread by intimate oral contact among teenagers and young adults. How preadolescents acquire the virus is not known. A typical clinical picture with a positive heterophile test is usually sufficient to make the diagnosis, but heterophile antibodies are not specific and do not develop in some patients. EBV-specific antibody profiles are the best choice for staging EBV infection. In addition to causing acute illness, there can also be long-term consequences as the result of acquisition of the virus. Several EBV-related illnesses occur including certain cancers and autoimmune diseases, as well as complications of primary immunodeficiency in persons with the certain genetic mutations. A major obstacle to understanding these sequelae has been the lack of an efficient animal model for EBV infection, although progress in primate and mouse models has recently been made. Key future challenges are to develop protective vaccines and effective treatment regimens.

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Abbreviations

CAEBV:

Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus

DC:

Dendritic cells

EBNA:

Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen

EBV:

Epstein–Barr virus

eBL:

Endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma

EIA:

Enzyme immunoassay

HL:

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

HLH:

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

IFN:

Interferon

LCV:

Lymphocryptovirus

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

NK:

Natural killer

NHANES:

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NIH:

National Institutes of Health

NPC:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

SAP:

Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein

VCA:

Viral capsid antigen

XLP:

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Samantha K. Dunmire & Kristin A. Hogquist

  2. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Henry H. Balfour

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  1. Samantha K. Dunmire
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Correspondence to Samantha K. Dunmire .

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  1. Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Christian Münz

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Dunmire, S.K., Hogquist, K.A., Balfour, H.H. (2015). Infectious Mononucleosis. In: Münz, C. (eds) Epstein Barr Virus Volume 1. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 390. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22822-8_9

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