Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Probing Perovskite Interfaces and Superlattices with X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES)

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Surface Sciences ((SSSUR,volume 59))

Abstract

The use of X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) in the soft, intermediate and hard X-ray regimes in probing complex oxide interfaces and superlattices is reviewed. Core-level line shapes are briefly discussed, followed by a case study of several aspects of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3(001) heterojunction. These include how XPS in both angle-integrated and angle-resolved modes has been used to probe the physical cause of interface conductivity, the origin of itinerant electrons, the valence band offset, and the extent of cation mixing. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of other perovskite interfaces which have been successfully investigated with XPS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. J.G. Bednorz, K.A. Mueller, Eur. Phys. J. B 64, 189 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  2. G.J. Snyder, R. Hiskes, S. DiCarolis, M.R. Beasley, T.H. Geballe, Phys. Rev. B 53, 14434 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. T.S. Santos, S.J. May, J.L. Robertson, A. Bhattacharya, Phys. Rev. B 80, 155114 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. A.B. Shah, Q.M. Ramasse, X.F. Zhai, J.G. Wen, S.J. May, I. Petrov, A. Bhattacharya, P. Abbamonte, J.N. Eckstein, J.M. Zuo, Adv. Mater. 22, 1156 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. K. Oura, V.G. Lifshits, A.A. Saranin, A.V. Zotov, M. Katayama, Surface Science: An Introduction (Springer, Berlin, 2003)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Mayer, SIMNRA User’s Guide 6.04. Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik. http://www2.if.usp.br/~lamfi/guia-simnra.pdf

  7. M.H. Mendenhall, R.A. Weller, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 59, 120 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Kobayashi, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 601, 32 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. N. Benito, R.E. Galindo, J. Rubio-Zuazo, G.R. Castro, C. Palacio, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  10. P.S. Bagus, E.S. Ilton, J.R. Rustad, Phys. Rev. B 69, 205112 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. P.S. Bagus, E.S. Ilton, Phys. Rev. B 73, 155110 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. L. Hozoi, A.H. de Vries, R. Broer, C. de Graaf, P.S. Bagus, Chem. Phys. 331, 178 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. E.A. Kraut, R.W. Grant, J.W. Waldrop, S.P. Kowalczyk, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1620 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. E.A. Kraut, R.W. Grant, J.W. Waldrop, S.P. Kowalczyk, Phys. Rev. B 28, 1965 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. S.A. Chambers, M.H. Engelhard, V. Shutthanandan, Z. Zhu, T.C. Droubay, L. Qiao, P.V. Sushko, T. Feng, H.D. Lee, T. Gustafsson, E. Garfunkel, A.B. Shah, J.-M. Zuo, Q.M. Ramasse, Surf. Sci. Rep. 65, 317 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. S.A. Chambers, Adv. Phys. 40, 357 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Jablonski, C.J. Powell, Phys. Rev. B 76, 085123 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Jablonski, C.J. Powell, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 27, 253 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Jablonski, C.J. Powell, Surf. Sci. 604, 327 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. Jablonski, C.J. Powell, Surf. Sci. 606, 644 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. C.J. Powell, A. Jablonski, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 601, 54 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. C.J. Powell, A. Jablonski, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 178, 331 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J.J. Yeh, I. Lindau, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 32, 1 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Y.J. Kim, Y. Gao, S.A. Chambers, Appl. Surf. Sci. 120, 250 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. P.A. Cox, J.B. Goodenough, P.J. Tavener, D. Telles, R.G. Egdell, J. Solid State Chem. 62, 360 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. H.D. Kim, H.J. Noh, K.H. Kim, S.J. Oh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 126404 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. G. Pacchioni, P.S. Bagus, Phys. Rev. B 50, 2576 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. J.C. Woicik, E.J. Nelson, L. Kronik, M. Jain, J.R. Chelikowsky, D. Heskett, L.E. Berman, G.S. Herman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 077401 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. D.A. Shirley, Phys. Rev. B 5, 4709 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. A.E. Bocquet, T. Mizokawa, K. Morikawa, A. Fujimori, S.R. Barman, K. Maiti, D.D. Sarma, Y. Tokura, M. Onoda, Phys. Rev. B 53, 1161 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. W.J. Pardee, G.D. Mahan, D.E. Eastman, R.A. Pollak, L. Ley, F.R. McFeely, S.P. Kowalczyk, D.A. Shirley, Phys. Rev. B 11, 3614 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. S. Tougaard, J. Kraaer, Phys. Rev. B 43, 1651 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. N. Moslemzadeh, G. Beamson, P. Tsakiropoulos, J.F. Watts, S.R. Haines, P. Weightman, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 152, 129 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. S. Doniach, M. Sunjic, J. Phys. C 3, 285 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. K. Okada, A. Kotani, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 62, 131 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. J. Zaanen, G.A. Sawatzky, Phys. Rev. B 33, 8074 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. R. Manne, T. Aberg, Chem. Phys. Lett. 7, 282 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. S.A. Chambers, T. Droubay, Phys. Rev. B 64, 075410 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. R. Zimmermann, P. Steiner, R. Claessen, F. Reinert, S. Hufner, P. Blaha, P. Dufek, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 11, 1657 (1999)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. C.J. Nelin, P.S. Bagus, E.S. Ilton, S.A. Chambers, H. Kuhlenbeck, H.J. Freund, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 110, 2752 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. J.J. Kas, F.D. Vila, J.J. Rehr, S.A. Chambers, Phys. Rev. B 91, 121112(R) (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. A. Ohtomo, H.Y. Hwang, Nature 427, 423 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. N. Nakagawa, H.Y. Hwang, D.A. Muller, Nat. Mat. 5, 204 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. M.S.J. Marshall, D.T. Newell, D.J. Payne, R.G. Egdell, M.R. Castell, Phys. Rev. B 83, 035410 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. D.G. Schlom, J. Mannhart, Nat. Mat. 10, 168 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. M.L. Reinle-Schmitt, C. Cancellieri, D. Li, D. Fontaine, M. Medarde, E. Pomjakushina, C.W. Schneider, S. Gariglio, P. Ghosez, J.M. Triscone, P.R. Willmott, Nat. Comm. 3, 1936 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. M. Stengel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 136803 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. A. Janotti, L. Bjaalie, L. Gordon, C.G. Van de Walle, Phys. Rev. B 86, 241108 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. C. Noguera, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 12, R367 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. V K. Lazarov, R. Plass, H.C. Poon, D.K. Saldin, M. Weinert, S.A. Chambers, M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, Phys. Rev. B 71 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  51. S.A. Chambers, T. Droubay, D.R. Jennison, T.R. Mattsson, Science 297, 827 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. M. Huijben, A. Brinkman, G. Koster, G. Rijnders, H. Hilgenkamp, D.H.A. Blank, Adv. Mater. 21, 1665 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. G. Herranz, F. Sanchez, N. Dix, M. Scigaj, J. Fontcuberta, Sci. Rep. 2, 758 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. E. Breckenfeld, N. Bronn, J. Karthik, A.R. Damodaran, S. Lee, N. Mason, L.W. Martin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 196804 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. L. Wiedeman, H. Helvajian, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 4513 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. G.C. Tyrrell, T. York, N. Cherief, D. Givord, J. Lawlel, J.G. Lunney, M. Buckley, I.W. Boyd, Microelectron. Eng. 25, 247 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. T.C. Droubay, L. Qiao, T.C. Kaspar, M.H. Engelhard, V. Shutthanandan, S.A. Chambers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 124105 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. G.W. Berkstresser, A.J. Valentino, C.D. Brandle, J. Cryst. Growth 128, 684 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. M.P. Warusawithana, C. Richter, J.A. Mundy, P. Roy, J. Ludwig, S. Paetel, T. Heeg, A.A. Pawlicki, L.F. Kourkoutis, M. Zheng, M. Lee, B. Mulcahy, W. Zander, Y. Zhu, J. Schubert, J.N. Eckstein, D.A. Muller, C. Stephen Hellberg, J. Mannhart, D.G. Schlom, Nat. Comm. 4, 2351 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  60. I.M. Dildar, D.B. Boltje, M.H.S. Hesselberth, J. Aarts, Q. Xu, H.W. Zandbergen, S. Harkema, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 121601 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. Y.Z. Chen, N. Bovet, F. Trier, D.V. Christensen, F.M. Qu, N.H. Andersen, T. Kasama, W. Zhang, R. Giraud, J. Dufouleur, T.S. Jespersen, J.R. Sun, A. Smith, J. Nygard, L. Lu, B. Buchner, B.G. Shen, S. Linderoth, N. Pryds, Nat. Comm. 4, 2394 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  62. J. Delahaye, T. Grenet, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 45, 315301 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. NIST Chemistry WebBook, Standard Reference Database # 69 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  64. G. Singh-Bhalla, C. Bell, J. Ravichandran, W. Siemons, Y. Hikita, S. Salahuddin, A.F. Hebard, H.Y. Hwang, R. Ramesh, Nat. Phys. 7, 80 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Y. Segal, J.H. Ngai, J.W. Reiner, F.J. Walker, C.H. Ahn, Phys. Rev. B 80, 241107(R) (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. M. Takizawa, S. Tsuda, T. Susaki, H.Y. Hwang, A. Fujimori, Phys. Rev. B 84, 245124 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. G. Berner, M. Sing, H. Fujiwara, A. Yasui, Y. Saitoh, A. Yamasaki, Y. Nishitani, A. Sekiyama, N. Pavlenko, T. Kopp, C. Richter, J. Mannhart, S. Suga, R. Claessen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 247601 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. G. Berner, A. Muller, F. Pfaff, J. Walde, C. Richter, J. Mannhart, S. Thiess, A. Gloskovskii, W. Drube, M. Sing, R. Claessen, Phys. Rev. B 88, 115111 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. E. Slooten, Z.C. Zhong, H.J.A. Molegraaf, P.D. Eerkes, S. de Jong, F. Massee, E. van Heumen, M.K. Kruize, S. Wenderich, J.E. Kleibeuker, M. Gorgoi, H. Hilgenkamp, A. Brinkman, M. Huijben, G. Rijnders, D.H.A. Blank, G. Koster, P.J. Kelly, M.S. Golden, Phys. Rev. B 87, 085128 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. Z.C. Zhong, P.X. Xu, P.J. Kelly, Phys. Rev. B 82, 165127 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. N.C. Bristowe, P.B. Littlewood, E. Artacho, Phys. Rev. B 83, 205405 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. Y. Li, S.N. Phattalung, S. Limpijumnong, J. Kim, J. Yu, Phys. Rev. B 84, 245307 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. N. Pavlenko, T. Kopp, E.Y. Tsymbal, J. Mannhart, G.A. Sawatzky, Phys. Rev. B 86, 064431 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. J. Robertson, C.W. Chen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1168 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. K. Yoshimatsu, R. Yasuhara, H. Kumigashira, M. Oshima, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 026802 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. S.A. Chambers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 199703 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. S.A. Chambers, T. Droubay, T.C. Kaspar, M. Gutowski, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 22, 2205 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. S.A. Chambers, T. Droubay, T.C. Kaspar, M. Gutowski, M. van Schilfgaarde, Surf. Sci. 554, 81 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. A. McCollam, S. Wenderich, M.K. Kruize, V.K. Guduru, H.J.A. Molegraaf, M. Huijben, G. Koster, D.H.A. Blank, G. Rijnders, A. Brinkman, H. Hilgenkamp, U. Zeitler, J.C. Maan, arXiv:1207.7003v1 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  80. L.W. van Heeringen, G.A. de Wijs, A. McCollam, J.C. Maan, A. Fasolino, arXiv:1303.7095v1 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  81. M.S. Golden, private communication

    Google Scholar 

  82. S.A. Chambers, L. Qiao, T.C. Droubay, T.C. Kaspar, B. Arey, P.V. Sushko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 206802 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. M. Sing, G. Berner, K. Goss, A. Muller, A. Ruff, A. Wetscherek, S. Thiel, J. Mannhart, S.A. Pauli, C.W. Schneider, P.R. Willmott, M. Gorgoi, F. Schafers, R. Claessen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 176805 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. S. Thiel, G. Hammerl, A. Schmehl, C.W. Schneider, J. Mannhart, Science 313, 1942 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. G. Drera, F. Banfi, F.F. Canova, P. Borghetti, L. Sangaletti, F. Bondino, E. Magnano, J. Huijben, M. Huijben, G. Rijnders, D.H.A. Blank, H. Hilgenkamp, A. Brinkman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 052907 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. C. Guillot, Y. Ballu, J. Paigne, J. Lecante, K.P. Jain, P. Thiry, R. Pinchaux, Y. Petroff, L.M. Falicov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 1632 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. W. Meevasana, P.D.C. King, R.H. He, S.K. Mo, M. Hashimoto, A. Tamai, P. Songsiriritthigul, F. Baumberger, Z.X. Shen, Nat. Mat. 10, 114 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. A.F. Santander-Syro, O. Copie, T. Kondo, F. Fortuna, S. Pailhes, R. Weht, X.G. Qiu, F. Bertran, A. Nicolaou, A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, P. Le Fevre, G. Herranz, M. Bibes, N. Reyren, Y. Apertet, P. Lecoeur, A. Barthelemy, M.J. Rozenberg, Nature 469, 189 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. C. Cancellieri, M.L. Reinle-Schmitt, M. Kobayashi, V.N. Strocov, T. Schmitt, P.R. Willmott, S. Gariglio, J.M. Triscone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 137601 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. J. Mannhart, D.G. Schlom, Science 327, 1607 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. H.Y. Hwang, Y. Iwasa, M. Kawasaki, B. Keimer, N. Nagaosa, Y. Tokura, Nat. Mat. 11, 103 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. G. Conti, A.M. Kaiser, A.X. Gray, S. Nemsak, G.K. Palsson, J. Son, P. Moetakef, A. Janotti, L. Bjaalie, C.S. Conlon, D. Eiteneer, A.A. Greer, A. Keqi, A. Rattanachata, A.Y. Saw, A. Bostwick, W.C. Stolte, A. Gloskovskii, W. Drube, S. Ueda, M. Kobata, K. Kobayashi, C.G. Van de Walle, S. Stemmer, C.M. Schneider, C.S. Fadley, J. Appl. Phys. 113 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  93. L. Qiao, T.C. Droubay, T.C. Kaspar, P.V. Sushko, S.A. Chambers, Surf. Sci. 605, 1381 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. G. Drera, G. Salvinelli, A. Brinkman, M. Huijben, G. Koster, H. Hilgenkamp, G. Rijnders, D. Visentin, L. Sangaletti, Phys. Rev. B 87, 075435 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. S.A. Chambers, Y. Liang, Z. Yu, R. Droopad, J. Ramdani, K. Eisenbeiser, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1662 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. C. Cantoni, J. Gazquez, F.M. Granozio, M.P. Oxley, M. Varela, A.R. Lupini, S.J. Pennycook, C. Aruta, U.S. di Uccio, P. Perna, D. Maccariello, Adv. Mater. 24, 3952 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. R. Colby, L. Qiao, V. Shutthanandan, J. Ciston, H.K.L. Zhang, B. Kabius, S.A. Chambers, Phys. Rev. B 88, 155325 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. NIST data base of electron attenuation lengths. http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist82.cfm

  99. P. Moetakef, T.A. Cain, D.G. Ouellette, J.Y. Zhang, D.O. Klenov, A. Janotti, C.G. Van de Walle, S. Rajan, S.J. Allen, S. Stemmer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 232116 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. T.A. Cain, P. Moetakef, C.A. Jackson, S. Stemmer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111604 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. S. Stemmer, private communication

    Google Scholar 

  102. S. Raghavan, S.J. Allen, S. Stemmer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 212103 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. P. Xu, D. Phelan, J.S. Jeong, K.A. Mkhoyan, B. Jalan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 082109 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. P. Xu, T.C. Droubay, J.S. Jeong, K. Andre Mkhoyan, P.V. Sushko, S.A. Chambers, B. Jalan, Submitted (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  105. L. Qiao, T.C. Droubay, M.E. Bowden, V. Shutthanandan, T.C. Kaspar, S.A. Chambers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 061904 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. P.V. Sushko, L. Qiao, M.E. Bowden, G.E. Exarhos, F.K. Urban III, D. Barton, S.A. Chambers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 077401 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. A.X. Gray, C. Papp, B. Balke, S.H. Yang, M. Huijben, E. Rotenberg, A. Bostwick, S. Ueda, Y. Yamashita, K. Kobayashi, E.M. Gullikson, J.B. Kortright, F.M.F. Groot, G. Rijnders, D.H.A. Blank, R. Ramesh, C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B 82, 205116 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. A.X. Gray, J. Minár, L. Plucinski, M. Huijben, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, S.-H. Yang, J. Braun, A. Winkelmann, D. Eiteneer, A. Rattanachata, A. Greer, G. Rijnders, D.H.A. Blank, D. Doennig, R. Pentcheva, J.B. Kortright, C.M. Schneider, H. Ebert, C.S. Fadley, Europhys. Lett. 104, 17004 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  109. A.X. Gray, A. Janotti, J. Son, J.M. LeBeau, S. Ueda, Y. Yamashita, K. Kobayashi, A.M. Kaiser, R. Sutarto, H. Wadati, G.A. Sawatzky, C.G. Van de Walle, S. Stemmer, C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B 84, 075104 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. A.M. Kaiser, A.X. Gray, G. Conti, B. Jalan, A.P. Kajdos, A. Gloskovskii, S. Ueda, Y. Yamashita, K. Kobayashi, W. Drube, S. Stemmer, C.S. Fadley, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 4731642 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author is indebted to Tiffany Kaspar and Ryan Comes for critical readings of this manuscript, and Joe Woicik, Susanne Stemmer, Ralph Claessen and Michael Sing for helpful comments. The writing of this chapter was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award #10122, and Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division under Award #48526. Some of the work described in this review was conducted in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA

    Scott A. Chambers

Authors
  1. Scott A. Chambers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Scott A. Chambers .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Upton, New York, USA

    Joseph Woicik

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chambers, S.A. (2016). Probing Perovskite Interfaces and Superlattices with X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy. In: Woicik, J. (eds) Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES). Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 59. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24043-5_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation