Abstract
In the last 50 years a fifth of the planet’s inhabitants had a strong development that deeply changed their habits and their life quality. For this enhancement, the people of the developed areas paid a high price. A large use of energy, produced from non-renewable sources as fossil fuels, increased the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere with several problems and a huge impact on the nature. As a consequence, there is a need to rethink the design of buildings, cities and their organizations. The challenge for the new sustainable cities is to grow according to the lifestyles of today and tomorrow, while implementing a better relation between the nature and the mankind and restoring the lost human contacts. An option for doing this is to design and develop Zero Energy Homes (ZEH) reducing to the minimum the impact of pollution and the exploitation of non-renewable sources. In particular, the following aspects should be considered: to use of renewable and recycled materials; to improve the energy efficiency of buildings; to introduce more efficient energy systems that use alternative and clean sources; and to introduce building automation systems (to optimize the energy consumption). In this lecture the following topics will be presented: definition of ZEH, including a review of definitions, parameters influencing the definition and examples, criteria to build or refurbish to a ZEH standard and some questions and examples related with the design, construction and operation of new Zero Carbon Homes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Some parts of this chapter are adapted excerpts from ‘Code for Sustainable Homes: opportunities or threats for offsite manufacturing and mass-customization’ (Hashemi and Hadjri 2013).
References
Aelenei L (2012) Design issues for Net Zero-Energy Buildings. Oral presentation at the ZEMCH 2012 Conference, Glasgow, 20–22 Aug 2012
Aelenei L, Lollini R, Gonçalves H, Aelenei D, Noguchi M, Donn M, Garde F (2011) Passive cooling approaches in Net-Zero Energy Solar Buildings: lessons learned from demonstration buildings. In: CISBAT2011 Conference, Lausanne, 2011
Aelenei L, Aelenei D, Gonçalves H, Lollini R, Musall E, Scognamiglio A, Cubi E, Noguchi M (2013) Design issues for Net Zero-Energy Buildings. Open House Int Zero Energy Mass Custom Home Res Paradigms 38:7–14
Aelenei L, Gonçalves, H, Aelenei D (2013) The nZEBs in the near Future Overview of definitions and guidelines towards existing plans for increasing nZEBs. Paper presented at the Portugal SB13, Guimarães, 30 Oct 2013–1 Nov 2013
Anderson R, Roberts D (2008) Maximizing residential energy savings: net zero energy home technology pathways. Technical report NREL/TP 550-44547. National Renewable Energy laboratory, Golden
Architecture 2030 (2015) The 2030 challenge. http://www.architecture2030.org/2030_challenge/the_2030_challenge. Accessed 23 Nov 2015
ASHRAE (2015) Standard 100-2015, energy efficiency in existing buildings (ANSI Approved/IES Co-sponsored). I.P edition. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA
ASHRAE 2020 Vision (2008) Producing Net Zero Energy Buildings. https://www.ashrae.org/file%20library/doclib/public/20080226_ashraevision2020.pdf. Accessed 28 Nov 2015
Ayoub J (2009) Factsheet towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings. Task40/Annex 52, Solar Heating and Cooling, Quebec
Baeli M (2014) Residential retrofit: twenty case studies. Edition RIBA Publishing, London
Barratt (2013) The Barratt House. Barratt Developments PLC. http://www.bre.co.uk/filelibrary/Innovation_Park/Barratts_Green_HouseBrochure.pdf. Accessed 29 Nov 2015
Black C, Ooteghem KV, Boake TM (2010) Carbon neutral steel building systems research project—a case study investigating the relationship of operational energy and embodied energy in achieving a holistic carbon neutral retail building. In: Proceedings of american solar energy society, national solar conference 2010, Phoenix, 2010
BRE (2013) Building research establishment. www.bre.co.uk/innovationpark. Accessed 02 Aug 2013
Building Technologies Program (2010) Summary of gaps and barriers for implementing residential building energy efficiency strategies. Building America, Building Technologies Program, U.S. Department of Energy, http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/building_america/49162.pdf. Accessed 29 Nov 2015
Buildoffsite (2012) Buildoffsite Review 2012: The business case for offsite. Buildoffsite, London
Burwood S, Jess P (2005) Modern methods of construction: evolution or revolution. BURA Steering and Development Forum, London
Carmichael C, Managan K (2013) Reinventing existing buildings 8 steps to net zero energy. Institute for Building Efficiency, Johnson Controls Inc, Milwaukee
Chen Y, Athienitis AK, Galal KE, Poissant Y (2007) Design and simulation for a solar house with building integrated photovoltaic-thermal system and thermal storage. ISES Solar World Congress, Beijing, vol 1. Springer, Heidelberg, p 327, 18–21 Sept 2007
DCLG (2006) Code for sustainable homes: a step-change in sustainable home building practice. Department for Communities and Local Government, London
DCLG (2007a) Building a greener future: policy statement. Department for Communities and Local Government, London
DCLG (2007b) Final regulatory impact, assessment building a greener future. Department for Communities and Local Government, London
DCLG (2008a) Definition of zero carbon homes and non-domestic buildings. Department for Communities and Local Government, London
DCLG (2008b) The code for sustainable homes setting the Standard in Sustainability for New Homes. Department for Communities and Local Government, London
DCLG (2009) Code for sustainable homes, impact assessment. Department for Communities and Local Government, London
DCLG (2011) Cost of building to the code for sustainable homes updated cost review. Department for Communities and Local Government, London
DCLG (2013) Annual Report and Accounts 2013–14. Department for Communities and Local Government
DECC (2009) Climate act impact 2008 assessment. Department of Energy and Climate Change, London
DECC (2011) Energy consumption in the UK: 2013. Department for Energy and Climate Change, London
Dowson M, Poole A, Harrison D, Susman G (2012) Domestic UK retrofit challenge: drivers, barriers and incentives leading into the Green Deal. Energy Policy 50:294–305
Energiesprong (2015a) Transition zero http://energiesprong.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Transition_zero.pdf. Accessed 28 Nov 2015
Energiesprong UK (2015b) Transition zero. http://www.energiesprong.eu/. Accessed 28 Nov 2015
EPBD (2010) The Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament on the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD recast). Official Journal of the European Union, 53
E-Retrofit-Kit (2015a) European retrofit advisor. http://www.e2rebuild.eu/en/events/workplan/pd/retrofitadvisor/Sidor/default.aspx. Accessed 28 Nov 2015
E-Retrofit-Kit (2015b) Tool-kit for “Passive House Retrofit”—Intelligent Energy Europe. http://retrofit.energieinstitut.at/. Accessed 28 Nov 2015
EST (2009) Low carbon futures: zero carbon case studies: CE310. Energy Saving Trust, London
Frattari A (2013) CasaZeroEnergy: an Italian prototype of zero energy building. Open House Int 2013(38):277–286
Goodman C (2011) Lifetime homes design guide. HIS BRE Press for Habinteg Housing Association, London UK
Hashemi A, Hadjri K (2013) Code for Sustainable Homes: opportunities or threats for offsite manufacturing and mass-customization? In: Proceedings of ZEMCH 2013 international conference: the visibility of zero-energy housing, University of Miami, Miami, USA, 30 October 2013–1 November 2013
Heffernan E, Pan W, Liang X (2012) Delivering zero carbon homes in the UK. In: Smith SD (ed) Proceedings 28th annual ARCOM conference, Edinburgh, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, pp 1445–1454, 3–5 Sept 2012
Heinze M, Voss K (2009) Goal: ZERO ENERGY BUILDING Exemplary experience based on the solar state solarsiedlung Freiburg am Schielrberg, Germany. J Green Build 4(4):93–100
Hermelink A (2013) Towards nearly zero-energy buildings: definition of common principles under the EPBD. Ecofys, London
HM Treasury (2015) Fixing the foundations: creating a more prosperous nation. Presented to Parliament by the Chancellor of the Exchequer by Command of Her Majesty, London
International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Task 40 / ECBCS Annex 52 (2012) Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings (NZEBs). http://task40.iea-shc.org/publications. Accessed 28 Nov 2015
Kingspan (2009) Level 6 net-zero carbon house, fact file, lighthouse, Kingspan. www.kingspanlighthouse.com/pdf/lighthouse.pdf. Accessed 01 Aug 2013
Liao L, Athienitis AK, Candanedo L, Park KW, Poissant Y, Collins M (2007) Numerical and experimental study of heat transfer in a BIPV-thermal system. J SolEnergy Eng 129:423–430
Living Building Challenge (2015) Mission Zero House, http://living-future.org/case-study/missionzero. Accessed 28 Nov 2015
Marszal AJ, Heiselberg P, Bourelle JS, Musall E, Voss K, Sartori I, Napolitano A (2011) Zero energy building—a review of definitions and calculation methodologies. Energy Building 43:971–979
Mattgrocoff (2010) Ann Arbor, MI—Mission Zero House—Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:America%27s_Oldest_Net_Zero_Energy_Home_color_corrected_Grocoff.jpg. Accessed 28 Nov 2015
McManus A, Gaterell MR, Coates LE (2010) The potential for the Code for Sustainable Homes to deliver genuine ‘sustainable energy’ in the UK social housing sector. Energy Policy 38(4):2013–2019
Miles J, Whitehouse N (2013) Offsite housing review. Construction Industry Council, London
Noguchi M (2008) Net Zero-energy home design strategies learned from Canadian experience. Open House Int 33(3):88–95
Osmani M, O’Reilly A (2009) Feasibility of zero carbon homes in England by 2016: a house builder’s perspective. Build Environ 44(9):1917–1924
Regreen (2008) Residential remodeling program. http://www.regreenprogram.org. Accessed 28 Nov 2015
Retrofit Depot (2012) Guide for building the case for deep energy retrofits. RMI—Rocky Mountain Institute, Boulder
RMI (2015) Energy retrofits. RMI—Rocky Mountain Institute, Boulder
Sartori I, Napolitano A, Voss K (2012) Net Zero Energy Buildings: a consistent definition framework. Energy Build 48:220–232
Sutherland RJ (1991) Market barriers to energy-efficiency investments. Energy J 12(3):15–34
Torcellini P, Pless S, Deru M (2006) Zero Energy Buildings: a critical look at the definition. Paper presented at the ACEEE Summer Study Pacific Grove, National Renewable Energy Laboratory D. Crawley U.S. Department of Energy, California, 14–18 Aug 2006
Voss K, Musall E, Lichtmeß M (2011) From low energy to Net Zero-Energy Buildings: status and perspectives. J Green Build 6:46–57
Voss K, Sartori I, Lollini R (2012) Nearly-zero, Net zero and plus energy buildings—how definitions & regulations affect the solutions. REHVA HVAC J 06:23–27
Yudelson J (2010) Greening existing buildings, McGraw-Hill’s Greensource Series. McGraw-Hill Education, London
ZenN (2013) Common barriers and challenges in current nZEB practice in Europe. ZenN—Nearly Zero energy Neighborhoods, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm
Zero Carbon Hub (2011) Allowable solutions for tomorrow’s new home: towards a workable framework. Zero Carbon Hub, London
Zero Carbon Hub (2013) Zero carbon strategies for tomorrow’s new homes. Zero Carbon Hub, London
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Aelenei, L. et al. (2016). Zero Energy Homes. In: Noguchi, M. (eds) ZEMCH: Toward the Delivery of Zero Energy Mass Custom Homes. Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31967-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31967-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31965-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31967-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)