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Axiomatic Design in Large Systems pp 3–47Cite as

An Engineering Systems Introduction to Axiomatic Design

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Abstract

Since its first publication in 1978, Axiomatic Design has developed to become one of the more commonly applied engineering design theories in the academic literature and industrial practice. In parallel, model-based systems engineering (MBSE) has developed from industrial origins in the aerospace, communications, and defense sectors. As the scope of humanity’s engineering efforts grows to include evermore complex engineering systems, the engineering design methodologies that guide these efforts must also develop. These two, now well-established but independently developed, engineering design methodologies now appear well poised to support the synthesis, analysis, and resynthesis of large complex engineering systems. As the first chapter in this book on the application of Axiomatic Design to large complex systems, it introduces the fundamentals of Axiomatic Design within the context of engineering systems and as a conceptual foundation for subsequent chapters. It also relates Axiomatic Design’s key concepts and terminology to those found in current MBSE techniques including SysML. The chapter concludes with applications in which Axiomatic Design has served to advance the development of engineering systems including quantitative measures of life cycle properties, design of cyber-physical systems, and design of hetero-functional networks.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note that many works on Axiomatic Design, including later chapters in this book, simply write \( {\mathbf{FR}} = [B]{\mathbf{DP}} \) to concisely convey the meaning of Eqs. 1.5–1.7. While this notational shorthand is often sufficient to properly implement Axiomatic Design, it does cloud the small but meaningful differences between the three equations. Furthermore, such a shorthand suggests that the \( f() \) in Eq. 1.6 is a linear matrix equation consisting of real numbers when indeed no such restriction is formally required.

  2. 2.

    Note that the flows of matter, energy, information, money, and people within interfaces and interactions are collectively the same artifacts. However, their representation need not be the same in the two domains. Indeed, it is easy to prove that they are same if and only if the design matrix is square and diagonal.

  3. 3.

    Note that many works on Axiomatic Design do not make this distinction between functional requirement instances and functional requirement classes because it is rarely needed within a single design work. Here, the distinction is made in order to maintain the conceptual link between large fixed and large flexible engineering systems and the universality of the Independence Axiom in both cases.

  4. 4.

    The word “action” is meant in the technical sense of allocated functional elements in SysML’s activity diagram. See Fig. 1.9 for details. These actions represent capabilities in the engineering system.

  5. 5.

    In the Axiomatic Design of large fixed systems, redundant designs have more design parameters than functional requirements [3].

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  1. Department of Engineering, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA

    Amro M. Farid

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Amro M. Farid

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  1. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA

    Amro M. Farid

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

    Nam P. Suh

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Farid, A.M. (2016). An Engineering Systems Introduction to Axiomatic Design. In: Farid, A., Suh, N. (eds) Axiomatic Design in Large Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32388-6_1

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