Introduction
In cellular networks, a great number of users rely on a single centralized base station (BS) to communicate. Yet, base stations do not always know when users may request access to the network, and they need to find ways to serve these unexpected users. This problem is addressed by a whole field of research, namely, random access (RA). There are multiple scenarios where RA can be used, e.g., first connection to the network, uplink (UL) scheduling request, timing alignment (TA) for non-synchronized users, positioning, etc. The most important scenario however, for which there exists no other method in wireless networks, is when the user is not known to the BS. On first connection, the BS does not expect the specific new user and has no other choice but to allocate specific resources that any user can use to make its presence known.
An inevitable consequence is that when multiple users compete for the same resource at the same time, the transmissions collide and cannot be...
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Abbreviations
- 1G:
-
First generation
- 2G:
-
Second generation
- 3G:
-
Third generation
- ACB:
-
Access class barring
- ACK:
-
Acknowledgment
- BS:
-
Base station
- C-RNTI:
-
Cell radio network temporary identifier
- CSMA:
-
Carrier-sense multiple access
- EC-GSM-IoT:
-
Extended coverage GSM IoT
- eMTC:
-
Enhanced MTC
- eNB:
-
Evolved Node B
- GSM:
-
Global System for Mobile communications
- H2H:
-
Human-to-human
- IoT:
-
Internet of things
- LTE:
-
Long-Term Evolution
- M2M:
-
Machine-to-machine
- MTC:
-
Machine-type communication
- NB-IoT:
-
Narrowband IoT
- PRACH:
-
Physical random access channel
- PUSCH:
-
Physical uplink shared channel
- RA:
-
Random access
- RAR:
-
Random access response
- RTD:
-
Round-trip delay
- TA:
-
Timing alignment
- UE:
-
User equipment
- UL:
-
Uplink
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Grau, M., Foh, C.H., Atta ul Quddus (2018). Random Access Technology in Cellular Networks. In: Shen, X., Lin, X., Zhang, K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32903-1_83-1
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