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Regulation of Megakaryocyte and Platelet Survival

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Book cover Molecular and Cellular Biology of Platelet Formation

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Abstract

Platelets play vital roles in hemostasis, wound healing, and a range of other processes [1]. Their number is tightly controlled within narrow physiological ranges. This occurs through a dynamic balance between platelet production and consumption/clearance rates, so as to ensure that the total platelet mass remains constant. Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow produce around 100 billion platelets per day. In a healthy individual, the majority of platelets are not consumed by hemostatic processes. It is therefore imperative that platelet lifespan is strictly regulated. Recent work has demonstrated that the survival of megakaryocytes and platelets is controlled by programmed cell death, apoptosis [2]. Both cell types possess a classical Bak- and Bax-mediated intrinsic, mitochondrial, apoptosis pathway that must be restrained in order for them to develop and survive. In addition, recent work has revealed that the glycosylation state of platelet surface proteins is an indicator of platelet age and that aged, desialylated platelets stimulate platelet production [3].

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Project Grants (1079250), Program Grants (1016647), and an Independent Research Institutes Infrastructure Support Scheme Grant (361646) from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, a fellowship from the German Research Foundation (I.P. DFG, PL707/1-1), and a Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Support Grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer & Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia

    Amanda E. Au, Marion Lebois & Emma C. Josefsson

  2. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia

    Amanda E. Au & Emma C. Josefsson

  3. ACRF Chemical Biology Division and Department of Medical Biology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia

    Irina Pleines

  4. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia

    Irina Pleines

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  1. Amanda E. Au
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Correspondence to Emma C. Josefsson .

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  1. Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Harald Schulze

  2. Vascular Biology Programm, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Joseph Italiano

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Au, A.E., Lebois, M., Pleines, I., Josefsson, E.C. (2016). Regulation of Megakaryocyte and Platelet Survival. In: Schulze, H., Italiano, J. (eds) Molecular and Cellular Biology of Platelet Formation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39562-3_9

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