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Satellite Based Augmentation Systems

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Zusammenfassung

Satellite-based augmentation systems (GlossaryTerm

SBAS

s) are designed to enhance the performance of standard global navigation satellite system (GlossaryTerm

GNSS

) positioning. SBASs improve the positioning accuracy by providing corrections for the largest error sources. More importantly, SBASs provide assured confidence bounds on these corrections that allows users to place integrity limits on their position errors. Several systems have been implemented around the world and several more are in development. They have been put into place by civil aviation authorities for the express purpose of enhancing air navigation services. However, SBAS services have been widely adopted by other user communities, as the signals are free of charge and easily integrated into GNSS receivers.

This chapter describes the basic architecture, functions, and application of SBAS. Because the key motivation behind SBAS is integrity, it is essential first to understand the error sources that affect GNSS and how they may vary with time or location. It is then explained how the corrections and confidence intervals are determined and applied by the user. The different SBASs that have been developed around the world are described and how they are developed to the same international standards such that each is interoperable with the others. The performances and services of each system are described. Finally, the evolution of SBAS from its current single-frequency single-constellation form into systems that support multiple-frequencies and multiple-constellations is described.

The goal of this chapter is to explain the motivation for developing SBASs and provide the reader with a working knowledge of how they function and how they may be used to enhance GNSS positioning accuracy and integrity.

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Abbreviations

ABAS:

aircraft based augmentation system

CONUS:

conterminous United States

CRC:

cyclic redundancy check

DME:

distance measuring equipment

ECEF:

Earth-centered Earth-fixed

EGNOS:

European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

FAA:

US Federal Aviation Administration

GAGAN:

GPS-aided GEO Augmented Navigation

GBAS:

ground-based augmentation system

GEO:

geostationary Earth orbit

GIVE:

grid ionospheric vertical error

GLONASS:

Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema (Russian Global Navigation Satellite System)

GNSS:

global navigation satellite system

GPS:

Global Positioning System

ICAO:

International Civil Aviation Organization

IGP:

ionospheric grid point

ILS:

instrument landing system

IPP:

ionospheric pierce point

KASS:

Korean Augmentation Satellite System

MCS:

master control station

MLS:

microwave landing system

MSAS:

Multi-Function Satellite Augmentation System

PRN:

pseudo-random noise

RAIM:

receiver autonomous integrity monitoring

SBAS:

satellite-based augmentation system

SDCM:

System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring

TACAN:

tactical air navigation (system)

TTA:

time-to-alert

UDRE:

user differential range error

UTC:

Coordinated Universal Time

VHF:

very high frequency

VOR:

VHF omnidirectional range

VPL:

vertical protection level

WAAS:

Wide Area Augmentation System

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stanford University, GPS Lab, 496 Lomita Mall Room 250, CA 94305-4035, Stanford, USA

    Todd Walter

Authors
  1. Todd Walter
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Correspondence to Todd Walter .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, WA 6845, Perth, Australia

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  2. Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, Netherlands

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  3. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Oliver Montenbruck

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Walter, T. (2017). Satellite Based Augmentation Systems. In: Teunissen, P.J., Montenbruck, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_12

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