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Inventorying Biodiversity of Anisakid Nematodes from the Austral Region: A Hotspot of Genetic Diversity?

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Biodiversity and Evolution of Parasitic Life in the Southern Ocean

Part of the book series: Parasitology Research Monographs ((Parasitology Res. Monogr.,volume 9))

Abstract

Inventorying of anisakid nematode biodiversity is the discovering, surveying, quantifying and mapping of species, populations and their genetic diversity and variability. This aim, however, is compromised if discrimination of anisakid taxa relies solely on morphological features. Therefore, the accurate detection and delimitation of cryptic anisakid species requires molecular-based assessments. This, in turn, permits elucidation of patterns and process in their evolution and ecology, including biogeography, host-parasite association and co-evolution. In addition, a true picture of anisakids and their genetic diversity facilitates understanding of their temporal and spatial distribution also related to their hosts demographic changes and marine ecosystem food webs.

This review represents an inventorying of the biodiversity, at species and gene level, of those anisakid species so far discovered belonging to the genera Anisakis, Pseudoterranova and Contracaecum, from the Austral Region, including: (1) taxa recognized as “biological species” based on the application of different molecular genetic markers; (2) current molecular/genetic approaches to identify them at any life-history stage; (3) ecological data relating to the geographical distribution, definitive host-association and host-preferences; (4) estimates of genetic variability values inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes, as a possible indicator of the integrity of marine food webs; (5) data so far known concerning the possible zoonotic role of those anisakid species to humans.

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Acknowledgements

Part of the research reported in this review on anisakid nematodes from Austral Region was funded by MIUR-PNRA (Piano Nazionale Ricerche in Antartide) 2013 AZ01/09, and by a Research Grant from “Sapienza- University of Rome” (year 2015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, “Sapienza - University of Rome”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Simonetta Mattiucci & Paolo Cipriani

  2. Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, University Road s/n, 01100, Viterbo, Italy

    Michela Paoletti, Paolo Cipriani & Giuseppe Nascetti

  3. Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand

    Stephen C. Webb

  4. Laboratorio de Ictioparasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Juan T. Timi

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  1. Simonetta Mattiucci
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Correspondence to Simonetta Mattiucci .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity Senckenberg Biodversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

    Sven Klimpel

  2. Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity Senckenberg Biodversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

    Thomas Kuhn

  3. Department of Zoomorphology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Heinz Mehlhorn

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Mattiucci, S., Paoletti, M., Cipriani, P., Webb, S.C., Timi, J.T., Nascetti, G. (2017). Inventorying Biodiversity of Anisakid Nematodes from the Austral Region: A Hotspot of Genetic Diversity?. In: Klimpel, S., Kuhn, T., Mehlhorn, H. (eds) Biodiversity and Evolution of Parasitic Life in the Southern Ocean. Parasitology Research Monographs, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46343-8_7

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