Skip to main content

The Laughter and the Tears: Comedy, Melodrama and the Shift Towards Empathy for Mental Illness on Screen

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Australian Screen in the 2000s

Abstract

In her survey of Australian screen production in the 2000s, Fincina Hopgood identifies a trend in representations of characters with mental illness she describes as ‘the shift towards empathy’. Building on earlier films such as An Angel at My Table (1990) and Shine (1996), these Australian films and TV shows offered portrayals of mental illness that went beyond cliché and stereotype, and instead presented complex, empathetic characters who were the protagonist or the point of audience identification. To illustrate this shift, Hopgood examines five feature films that traverse melodrama and comedy—Romulus, My Father (2007); The Home Song Stories (2007); The Black Balloon (2008); Mary and Max (2009); and Mental (2012)—and finds that each employs a range of strategies to encourage our empathy for the character living with a mental illness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Andrews, Bruce. “The Black Balloon Takes Off: Elissa Down and Tristram Miall.” Metro Magazine 156 (2008): 26–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, Sidney. “Cultivating Empathy.” Meanjin 63, 4 (2004): 122−129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, Paul. “Forum: Against Empathy.” The Boston Review, September 10, 2014. Accessed January 21, 2016. http://bostonreview.net/forum/paul-bloom-against-empathy.html.

  • Bradshaw, Peter. “Mental—Review.” Review of Mental, directed by P.J. Hogan. The Guardian, November 16, 2012. Accessed March 27, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/nov/15/mental-review.

  • Collins, Felicity. “Brazen Brides, Grotesque Daughters, Treacherous Mothers: Women’s Funny Business in Australian Cinema from Sweetie to Holy Smoke.” In Womenvision: Women and the Moving Image in Australia, edited by Lisa French, 162−192. St Kilda: Damned Publishing, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, Francesca. “Second That Emotion: Redoubling of Feeling in The Black Balloon.” Metro Magazine 156 (2008): 22−25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake, Nick. Romulus, My Father: The Screenplay. Strawberry Hills: Currency Press, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, Katie. Disabling Diversity: The Social Construction of Disability in 1990s Australian National Cinema. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrier, Liz. “Vulnerable Bodies: Creative Disabilities in Contemporary Australian Film.” In Australian Cinema in the 1990s, edited by Ian Craven, 57−78. London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaita, Raimond. Romulus, My Father. Melbourne: Text Publishing, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaita, Raimond. “Romulus, My Father: From Book to Screenplay to Film.” In Romulus, My Father: The Screenplay, Nick Drake, vii−xxiv. Strawberry Hills: Currency Press, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaita, Raimond. “Interview with Author Raimond Gaita.” Extras, Romulus, My Father DVD. Directed by Richard Roxburgh. Sydney: Dendy Films, Footprint Films, Madman Films, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hocking, Barbara. “Reducing Mental Illness Stigma and Discrimination-Everybody’s Business.” Medical Journal of Australia 178 (2003): 47−48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, P.J. “Interviews: P.J. Hogan.” Special Features, Mental DVD. Directed by P.J. Hogan. Sydney: Universal Pictures International, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, P.J. The Inside Story on Mental. Accessed May 16, 2017. http://www.impactservices.net.au/movies/mental.htm.

  • Hopgood, Fincina. “ABC’s Mental As … it’s OK to Laugh about Mental Health.” Conversation, October 9, 2014. Accessed March 27, 2017. https://theconversation.com/abcs-mental-as-its-ok-to-laugh-about-mental-health-32689.

  • Hopgood, Fincina. “Capturing the Pain Within.” Age, September 8, 2007. Accessed March 27, 2017. http://www.theage.com.au/news/film/capturing-the-pain-within/2007/09/06/1188783410357.html.

  • Hopgood, Fincina. “From Affliction to Empathy: Melodrama and Mental Illness in Recent Films from Australia and New Zealand.” PhD diss., University of Melbourne, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopgood, Fincina. “Melodramas of Affliction: Portraits of Madness on Screen.” In Credits Rolling! Selected Papers from the 12th Biennial Conference of the Film and History Association of Australia and New Zealand, edited by Marilyn Dooley, 159−171. Canberra: National Film and Sound Archive, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopgood, Fincina. “‘A Special Kind of Excess’: The Unruly Woman of Comedy and Melodrama in Jane Campion’s Sweetie.” antiTHESIS 15 (2005): 91−113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton, Andrew. Introduction to Comedy/Cinema/Theory, edited by Andrew Horton, 1−21. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, Lynn. Inventing Human Rights: A History. New York and London: W.W. Norton, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyler, Steven H. “Stigma Continues in Hollywood.” Psychiatric Times, June 1, 2003, 33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krznaric, Roman. Empathy: A Handbook for Revolution. London: Rider Books, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuipers, Richard. “Review: ‘Mental’.” Review of Mental, directed by P.J. Hogan. Variety, August 19, 2012. Accessed March 27, 2017. http://variety.com/2012/film/reviews/mental-1117948081/.

  • Mailman, Deborah. “Interviews: Deborah Mailman ‘Sandra’.” Special Features, Mental DVD. Directed by P.J. Hogan. Sydney: Universal Pictures International, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFarlane, Brian. “Melodrama, the Later Years.” In The Oxford Companion to Australian Film, edited by Brian McFarlane, Geoff Mayer, and Ina Bertrand, 310−312. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, Jenny. “Success, and Failure, is Fleeting Academy Award Winner tells Warrnambool Alumni.” Standard, November 14, 2012. Accessed May 15, 2017. http://www.standard.net.au/story/1076286/success-and-failure-is-fleeting-academy-award-winner-tells-warrnambool-alumni/.

  • Paatsch, Leigh. “Film Review: Mental.” Review of Mental, directed by P.J. Hogan. Herald Sun, October 4, 2012. Accessed from AFI Research Collection’s clippings files.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petzke, Ingo. “Rabbit-Proof Fence.” In The Cinema of Australia and New Zealand, edited by Geoff Mayer and Keith Beattie, 233−239. London and New York: Wallflower Press, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Philo, Greg, ed. Media and Mental Distress. London and New York: Longman, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomeranz, Margaret, and David Stratton. “Mental.” Review of Mental, directed by P.J. Hogan. At the Movies, ABC Television, October 3, 2012. Transcript accessed April 30, 2017. http://www.abc.net.au/atthemovies/txt/s3600118.htm.

  • Quigley, Marian. “Animated Outsiders: Harvie Krumpet and Mary and Max.” Screen Education 55 (2009): 82−89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rifkin, Jeremy. The Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, David J. Reel Psychiatry: Movie Portrayals of Psychiatric Conditions. Port Huron: Rapid Psychler Press, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, Alan, and Garry Walter. “Way Out of Tune: Lessons from Shine and its Exposé.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34.2 (2000): 237−244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, Alan, Garry Walter, Tom Politis, and Michael Shortland. “From Shunned to Shining: Doctors, Madness and Psychiatry in Australian and New Zealand Cinema.” Medical Journal of Australia 167.11 (1997): 640−644.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, Lawrence C. Mental Illness in Popular Media: Essays on the Representations of Disorders. Jefferson: McFarland, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • SANE Australia. StigmaWatch: Tackling Stigma against Mental Illness and Suicide in the Media: A SANE Report. South Melbourne: SANE Australia, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siemienowicz, Rochelle. “Troubled Mothers, Gold Coast Garishness and The Sound of Music: P.J. Hogan on the Making of Mental.” AFI blog, Australian Film Institute, October 11, 2012. Accessed January 21, 2016. https://blogafi.wordpress.com/2012/10/11/troubled-mothers-gold-coast-garishness-and-the-sound-of-music-p-j-hogan-on-the-making-of-mental/.html.

  • Sinnerbrink, Robert. “Cinempathy: Phenomenology, Cognitivism and Moving Images.” Contemporary Aesthetics 14.5 (2016). Accessed December 6, 2016. http://www.contempaesthetics.org/newvolume/pages/article.php?articleID=747#FN1.

  • Speed, Lesley. “Comedy.” In Directory of World Cinema: Australia and New Zealand, edited by Ben Goldsmith and Geoff Lealand, 158−175. Vol. 1. Bristol and Chicago: Intellect, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stadler, Jane. “Affectless Empathy, Embodied Imagination, and The Killer Insider Me.” Screening the Past 37 (August 2013). Accessed January 21, 2016. http://www.screeningthepast.com/2013/10/affectless-empathy-embodied-imagination-and-the-killer-inside-me/.html.

  • Wahl, Otto. Media Madness: Public Images of Mental Illness. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wedding, Danny, and Ryan M. Niemiec. Movies and Mental Illness: Using Film to Understand Psychopathology, 4th ed. Boston: Hogrefe Publishing, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, Claire, Raymond Nairn, John Coverdale, and Aroha Panapa. “Constructing Mental Illness as Dangerous: A Pilot Study.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33 (1998): 240−247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, Jake. “Film Reviews: The Home Song Stories.” Review of The Home Song Stories, directed by Tony Ayres. Age, August 23, 2007. Accessed March 27, 2017. http://www.theage.com.au/news/film-reviews/the-home-song-stories/2007/08/23/1187462400423.html.

  • Young, Skip Dine. Psychology at the Movies. Malden and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This chapter draws on research I conducted as a Research Fellow at the Australian Film Institute’s Research Collection in 2014 and as an Associate Investigator with the Australian Research Council’s Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotions in 2015. I am most grateful to these institutions for their support and the expert guidance of their staff and fellow scholars. Portions of this chapter are based on earlier work published in feature articles written for The Age and The Conversation and my journal article 'Walking in Her Footsteps: Migration, Adaptation and the Mother’s Journey in Romulus, My Father', Adaptation 9.1 (2015): 22–34.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fincina Hopgood .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hopgood, F. (2017). The Laughter and the Tears: Comedy, Melodrama and the Shift Towards Empathy for Mental Illness on Screen. In: Ryan, M., Goldsmith, B. (eds) Australian Screen in the 2000s. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48299-6_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics