Sustainability Analysis of Net Zero Emission Smart Renewable Hybrid System Solution in Bangladesh Rural Context

Abstract

The paper is designed in two consecutive categories. The first part will include sociocultural effects and acceptability toward a new technology concept in a particular region of Bangladesh. The following part will describe the design of the optimized model with financially viable features which also include lifetime analysis, internal rate of return, payback time, annual savings analysis, risk analysis, etc. In conclusion, everything will be compared with local and national government policies that have already made up to analyze the future of this research. In Bangladesh, there is an ever-sustaining problem of electricity crisis in rural zones which is mainly due to imbalance in demand and supply of electricity from fossil fuel or natural gas-based power plants. In the paper, a different way is about to propose which will not only cover up the consumer demand with full potential but also sort out the ways to be beneficiary from selling of electricity to the local or national electric grid. Energy sources like biomass and solar are the most in use besides fossil fuel-based energy resources. Nowadays, thousands of biogas plants have been installed for supplying methane gas to use for the purpose of cooking in rural areas. However, these biogas plants can also be used for producing electricity by using one of the most efficient power-generating plants named combined heat and power (CHP). Luckily, Bangladesh has a lot of biogas resources which include animal manure, municipal solid wastes (MSW), food and crop wastes, and many more. These fuels can be processed for generating electricity for meeting the electricity demand in rural areas. Since the government of Bangladesh encourages utilizing renewable energy resources for producing electricity, many subsidies companies have been formed and acted in a full swing since past 10 years to reach the vision 2030 which will be 10% reduction in carbon emission to the nature. In this research, the overall analysis concludes that the proposed hybrid (bio-solar) model will be enough to cover up approximately 60–70% electricity demand by using biogas and about 20–30% by solar PV module to meet the electricity need of a village consists of 300 houses, 3 village markets, 4 schools/college/university, 2 local offices/NGOs, and the irrigation pumps of the village. However, life span for the biogas plant will be about 15–20 years. On the other hand, solar photovoltaic system can also run smoothly up to 20–25 years as a system. Future of this research will encourage energy utilization bonding among different social actors in rural areas of Bangladesh. Moreover, both self-sustaining local energy business and proper waste management could turn the society toward green revolution in a massive scale.