Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss the methodology and methods of IPT. We outline methodological guidelines that spring from practice theory, and the fact that social science is also a practice. We introduce the notion of praxiography to speak about the methodology and methods of practice-theory-driven research, and discuss the status of ‘theory’ and its relation to empirics. Praxiography can be anchored in different starting points, and the seven core approaches imply distinct strategies as to where to begin inquiry. Turning to methods, our argument is that praxiography implies carefully considering how practice can be observed directly. We show how different forms of field work, including participant observation, event observation and shadowing can be used to study practice Some situations require alternative techniques, and we point to interviews and different forms of text analysis as options. Finally, we address the drafting of a praxiography. Writing about practice implies controlling for the unruliness of practices, and ordering them into a more-or-less coherent narrative. How can a narrative about practice be written in a way that makes sense to a distinct audience? We argue that praxiography requires experimentation and creativity, and introduce ideas from ethnography and filmmaking as inspirations.
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Notes
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See, for example, contributions in Jonas et al. (2017).
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Compare the special issue of the European Journal of International Relations on this matter (Wight et al. 2013).
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See, for instance, Kratochwil (2011) for whom theory and practice are opposite poles and hence the notion of ‘practice theory’ doesn’t make much sense. As Stern (2003: 201–203) argues, much of the debate on the status of theory is related to different interpretations of Wittgenstein . As he concludes, “perhaps it is the protean character of practice theory, the way in which it holds out the promise of accommodating both the aim of rigorous theory of society, and the desire for a close description of particulars, that has made it both so attractive and so hard to pin down.” (Stern 2003: 203).
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Other scholars prefer the term praxeology to speak about the methodology of practice theory. Given that “-ology” refers to a subject of study or a branch of knowledge, rather than an epistemic activity, we prefer the suffix of “-graphy”.
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Trowler (2014) provides a useful short discussion of the relation between praxiography and ethnography . For the broader discussion on the twists and turns of recent ethnography and its reception in international relations and political science, see the discussions in Kapisezewski et al. (2015), Eckl (2008), Vrasti (2008), Sande Lie (2013), Wedeen (2010), Kuus (2013), De Volo, and Schatz (2004), Stepputat and Larsen (2015), Bueger and Mireanu (2014), and the contributions in Schatz (2009).
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Bueger, C., Gadinger, F. (2018). Doing Praxiography: Research Strategies, Methods and Techniques. In: International Practice Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73350-0_6
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