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Genetic Engineering and Manipulation of Metabolite Pathways in Salvia Spp.

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Salvia Biotechnology

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Abstract

Plants from the genus Salvia have been recognized as medicinal herbs all over the world since earliest times. They are known to accumulate diverse range of bioactive phytochemicals, including polyphenols (rosmarinic and salvianolic acids), triterpenes (ursolic and oleanolic acids), diterpenes (tanshinones, carnosic acid), flavonoids and sterols, etc. Nowadays, the powerful methods of genetic and metabolic engineering, synthetic biology and combinatorial biosynthesis have been widely applied for improvement of commercial crops yields and for increasing their medicinal value by modulating the accumulation of biologically active phytochemicals. Over the past few years, these techniques have been applied in Salvia plants and in vitro systems, but the research still remains limited to few species. In this chapter, we summarized the recent achievements in genetic engineering of Salvia species, with special attention on metabolite engineering of phenolic biosynthesis and terpenoids biosynthesis pathways. Some aspects of the applications of functional genes, cloned by Salvia species, for the needs of synthetic biology and combinatorial biosynthesis are reviewed as well.

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Abbreviations

GRAS:

Generally recognized as safe

FDA:

Food and drug administration

EMA:

European medicines agency

NCBI:

National center for biotechnology information

CDS:

Coding DNA sequence

EST:

Expressed sequence tags

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

cDNA:

complementary DNA

nrITS:

nuclear internal transcribed spacer

CaMV35S:

Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter

hptII :

hygromycin phosphotransferase gene

ATM:

Activation tagging mutagenesis

T-DNA:

Transferred DNA

LEA:

Late embryogenesis abundant

AtDREB:

Arabidopsis thaliana dehydration-responsive-element-binding protein

SAMDC:

S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase

AtEDT:

Arabidopsis thaliana-enhanced drought tolerance

R2R3-MYB:

R2R3 type -myeloblastosis protein

WRKY:

WRKY transcription factor

C4H:

Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase

TAT:

Tyrosine aminotransferase

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonialyase

4CL:

4-Coumaroyl:CoA ligase

HPPR:

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase

CYP:

Cytochrome P450 reductase

RAS:

Rosmarinic acid synthase

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

mRNA:

messenger RNA

RNAi:

RNA interference

AtPAP:

Arabidopsis thaliana production of anthocyanin pigment

CCR:

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase

COMT:

Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase

MEP:

Methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway

MVA:

Mevalonic acid pathway

DXS:

1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase

DXP:

1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate

MCT:

2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase

CMK:

4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase

MDS:

2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase

HDS:

4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate synthase

HDR:

4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase

GPS:

Geranyl diphosphate synthase

GGPS:

Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase

PSY:

Phytoene synthase

AACT:

Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase

HMGS:

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase

HMGR:

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase

MK:

Mevalonate kinase

PMK:

5-Phosphomevalonate kinase

MDK:

Mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase

SQS:

Squalene synthase

FPS:

Farnesyl diphosphate synthase

IDI:

Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase

bHLH:

basic helix-loop-helix

GSG:

Gly-Ser repeats linker

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Vasil Georgiev & Atanas Pavlov

  2. Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Vasil Georgiev & Atanas Pavlov

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  1. Vasil Georgiev
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  2. Atanas Pavlov
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Correspondence to Vasil Georgiev .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology-BAS, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Vasil Georgiev

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Atanas Pavlov

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Georgiev, V., Pavlov, A. (2017). Genetic Engineering and Manipulation of Metabolite Pathways in Salvia Spp.. In: Georgiev, V., Pavlov, A. (eds) Salvia Biotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73900-7_10

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