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Inflammasomes in CNS Diseases

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Inflammasomes: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

Part of the book series: Experientia Supplementum ((EXS,volume 108))

Abstract

Neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature in almost all neurological diseases and is a response triggered as a consequence of the chronic activation of the innate immune response in the CNS against a variety of stimuli, including infection, traumatic brain injury, toxic metabolites, aggregated proteins, or autoimmunity. Crucial mediators of this neurinflammatory process are the intracellular protein complexes known as inflammasomes which can be triggered by pathogens as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, chronic inflammasome activation can eventually result in cellular death and tissue damage, leading to the release of DAMPs that can reactivate the inflammasome, thereby propagating a vicious cycle of inflammation. The primary cells involved in CNS inflammasome activation are the immunocompetent microglia and the infiltrating macrophages into the CNS. However, astrocytes and neurons also express inflammasomes, and the understanding of how they are engaged in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological diseases is crucial to develop effective therapeutic approaches for CNS pathologies that are propagated by chronic inflammasome activation. This chapter covers the activation mechanisms of relevant inflammasomes in the brain and summarizes their roles in the pathogenesis and progression of different neurological conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Eduardo A. Albornoz, Trent M. Woodruff PhD & Richard Gordon PhD, DABT

  2. UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Richard Gordon PhD, DABT

Authors
  1. Eduardo A. Albornoz
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  2. Trent M. Woodruff PhD
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  3. Richard Gordon PhD, DABT
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Correspondence to Richard Gordon PhD, DABT .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Armilla, Spain

    Mario D. Cordero

  2. Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain

    Elísabet Alcocer-Gómez

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Albornoz, E.A., Woodruff, T.M., Gordon, R. (2018). Inflammasomes in CNS Diseases. In: Cordero, M., Alcocer-Gómez, E. (eds) Inflammasomes: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications. Experientia Supplementum, vol 108. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89390-7_3

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