Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Translanguaging and Hybrid Spaces: Boundaries and beyond in North Central Arnhem Land

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Translanguaging as Everyday Practice

Part of the book series: Multilingual Education ((MULT,volume 28))

Abstract

This chapter explores how speakers in Maningrida, a linguistically diverse Indigenous community in northern Australia, negotiate and evaluate their language practices within ‘hybrid spaces’ (i.e. spaces shaped by the interaction of diverse groups, institutions and ways of speaking). The analysis draws on data from two settings – a public school event, and a football match – and I consider the ways in which a translanguaging lens may provide insights into the interactional and socio-psychological realities of lived multilingualism in Maningrida. The major focus of the chapter pertains to Burarra/English mixing. I discuss the nature and functions of this language practice, and note that while speakers appear to ‘soft assemble’ their linguistic resources to fit the communicative situation at hand, there are also observable constraints exerted by the morphosyntax of the contributing codes. This practice are situated against the backdrop of long-standing multilingualism and language ideologies in the Arnhem Land region. The chapter evaluates translanguaging as a possible useful addition to the nomenclatural and analytical toolbox of researchers in the Australian Indigenous context, and as an important step towards decolonising understandings of local language practice, and further provides critiques and suggestions for strengthening the model’s descriptive potential.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Sign language is used in the region by Indigenous deaf people and in a variety of cultural contexts, including for communication across distance and in politeness and respect strategies (Adone & Maypilama, 2014; Carew & Green, 2017). I use the term speaker/signer when referring to communicators in Maningrida in reflection of the centrality of non-verbal communication, but also in an effort to minimise the oral language bias of linguistic work more generally.

  2. 2.

    Underlining generally indicates Burarra lexical material but, as will be explained, sometimes indicates other non-English features. Glosses are not provided in the extracts for the sake of brevity. Where relevant, glosses are included in the discussion of particular features.

  3. 3.

    One feature associated with Gun-nartpa here, for example, is michpa ‘like; similar to’. In other Burarra dialects this is usually realised as minypa.

  4. 4.

    There are of course various diagnostics for distinguishing borrowings from switches in the code-switching literature (e.g. Muysken, 2000; Poplack & Meechan, 1995; Poplack, 2012), although these tools present their own problems (see e.g. Stenson, 1991).

  5. 5.

    I acknowledge that there are models being developed within the code-switching literature that are able to handle some of the complexities of this kind of mixing, e.g. Dorleijn’s (2017) ‘dense code-switching’, which treats these practices as constituting a new variety that may have innovative features.

  6. 6.

    Although unlike these scholars, I do not dispense with the notion of discrete languages entirely.

  7. 7.

    Instead, mixing between traditional languages is highly ‘marked’ and strategic, and switches tend to occur outside the clause (i.e. it is not, in my opinion, usually of the translanguaging kind (cf. Haviland’s (1982) mixing as an unmarked register). Differences of this kind have been noted elsewhere, e.g. the Amazonian Vaupés region, where indigenous contact has resulted in language maintenance, grammatical diffusion, and limited lexical borrowing, while colonially-mediated contact has tended towards language shift, code-switching, and lexical borrowing (Epps, 2018).

References

  • Adone, D., & Maypilama, E. (2014). A grammar sketch of Yolŋu sign language. Munich: Lincom Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agnihotri, R. K. (1995). Multilingualism as a classroom resource. In K. Heugh, A. Siegrühn, & P. Plüddemann (Eds.), Multilingual education for South Africa (pp. 3–7). Johannesburg: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism (Rev ed.). London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angelo, D., & Carter, N. (2015). Schooling within shifting langscapes: Educational responses in complex indigenous language contact ecologies. In A. Yiakoumetti (Ed.), Multilingualism and language in education: Current sociolinguistic and pedagogical perspectives from commonwealth countries (pp. 119–142). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auer, P. (1999). From codeswitching via language mixing to fused lects: Toward a dynamic typology of bilingual speech. Journal of Bilingualism, 3(4), 309–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, B. (2007). Heteroglossia and boundaries. In M. Heller (Ed.), Bilingualism: A social approach (pp. 257–274). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Baynham, M., Bradley, J., Callaghan, J., Hanusova, J., Moore, E., & Simpson, J. (2017). Transformations through sport: The case of capoeira and basketball (WP. 22). Retrieved from: http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/generic/tlang/index.aspx

  • Bhabha, H. (1994). The location of culture. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackledge, A., Creese, A., & Hu, R. (2017). Translanguaging, volleyball and social life (WP. 19). Retrieved from: http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/generic/tlang/index.aspx

  • Blommaert, J. (2013). Ethnography, superdiversity and linguistic landscapes: Chronicles of complexity. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice (R. Nice, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butt, M., & Geuder, W. (2001). On the (semi)lexical status of light verbs. In N. Corver & H. van Riemsdijk (Eds.), Semi-lexical categories: The function of content words and the content of function words (pp. 323–370). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canagarajah, S. (Ed.). (2005). Reclaiming the local in language policy and practice. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canagarajah, S. (2011). Translanguaging in the classroom: Emerging issues for research and pedagogy. Applied Linguistics Review, 2(1), 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carew, M. (2016). Gun-ngaypa Rrawa ‘My Country’: Intercultural alliances in language research (Doctoral dissertation). Melbourne: Monash University. Retrieved from http://eprints.batchelor.edu.au/549/

  • Carew, M. (2017). Gun-nartpa grammar. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carew, M., & Green, J. (2017, August 28–30). Australian indigenous sign languages in multilingual contact zones. Paper presented at the International conference on minority languages, Jyväskylä, Finland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N. (1980). Rules and representations. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N. (1986). Knowledge of language: Its nature, origins, and use. New York, NY: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creese, A., & Blackledge, A. (2010). Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom: A pedagogy for learning and teaching? The Modern Language Journal, 94, 103–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, J. (1981). The role of primary language development in promoting educational success for language minority students. In California State Department of Education (Ed.), Schooling and language minority students: A theoretical framework (pp. 3–49). Los Angeles: California State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorleijn, M. (2017). Is dense codeswitching complex? Language Sciences, 60, 11–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elwell, V. (1977). Multilingualism and lingua francas among Australian Aborigines: a case study of Maningrida (Unpublished honours thesis). Canberra: Australian National University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elwell, V. (1982). Some social factors affecting multilingualism among Aboriginal Australians: A case study of Maningrida. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 36, 83–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enfield, N. (2009). The anatomy of meaning: Speech, gesture and composite utterances. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • England, C. B., Litchfield, P. M., England, R. W., & Carew, M. (2014). Gun-ngaypa Rrawa “My Country”. Batchelor, N.T: Batchelor Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epps, P. (2018). Contrasting linguistic ecologies: Indigenous and colonially mediated language contact in Northwest Amazonia. In R. Singer & J. Vaughan (Eds.), Indigenous Multilingualism [Special Issue]. Language & Communication. https://doi-org.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/10.1016/j.langcom.2018.04.010

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, N. (1992). Macassan loanwords in top end languages. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 12(1), 45–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fardon, R., & Furniss, G. (1994). Introduction: Frontiers and boundaries – African languages as political environment. In R. Fardon & G. Furniss (Eds.), African languages, development and the state (pp. 1–32). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • François, A. (2012). The dynamics of linguistic diversity: Egalitarian multilingualism and power imbalance among northern Vanuatu languages. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2012(214), 85–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García, O. (2009). Bilingual education in the 21st century: A global perspective. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, O. (2011). Educating New York’s bilingual children: Constructing a future from the past. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 14(2), 133–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García, O. (2012). Theorizing translanguaging for educators. In C. Celic & K. Seltzer (Eds.), Translanguaging: A CUNY-NYSIEB guide for educators (pp. 1–6). New York: CUNY-NYSIEB.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, O. (2014). Countering the dual: Transglossia, dynamic bilingualism and translanguaging in education. In R. S. Rubdy & L. Alsagoff (Eds.), The global-local interface and hybridity: Exploring language and identity (pp. 100–118). Bristol, U.K.: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, O. & Li Wei. (2014). The translanguaging turn and its impacts. In O. García & Li Wei (Ed.), Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • García, O., & Otheguy, R. (2014). Spanish and Hispanic bilingualism. In M. Lacorte (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of Hispanic applied linguistics (pp. 639–658). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garde, M. (2008). Kun-dangwok: “Clan lects” and Ausbau in western Arnhem Land. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 191, 141–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genesee, F., & Nicoladis, E. (2006). Bilingual acquisition. In E. Hoff & M. Shatz (Eds.), Handbook of language development (pp. 324–342). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, K. D., Baquedano-López, P., & Tejeda, C. (1999). Rethinking diversity: Hybridity and hybrid language practices in the third space. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 6(4), 286–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handelsmann, R. (1996). Needs survey of community languages: Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory (Maningrida and Outstations). Report to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haviland, J. B. (1982). Kin and country at Wakooka outstation: An exercise in rich interpretation. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 36, 53–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heugh, K. (2015). Epistemologies in multilingual education: Translanguaging and genre – Companions in conversation with policy and practice. Language and Education, 29(3), 280–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hornberger, N. H., & Link, H. (2012). Translanguaging and transnational literacies in multilingual classrooms: A biliteracy lens. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 15, 261–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaspers, J., & Madsen, L. M. (2016). Sociolinguistics in a languagised world: Introduction. Applied Linguistics Review, 7(3), 235–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keen, I. (1995). Metaphor and the metalanguage: ‘Groups’ in Northeast Arnhem land. American Ethnologist, 22(3), 502–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovelman, I., Baker, S. A., & Petitto, L.-A. (2008). Bilingual and monolingual brains compared: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of syntactic processing and a possible “neural signature” of bilingualism. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(1), 153–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen-Freeman, D., & Cameron, L. (2008). Complex systems and applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, G., Jones, B., & Baker, C. (2012). Translanguaging: Origins and development from school to street and beyond. Educational Research and Evaluation, 18(7), 641–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Wei. (1998). The ‘why’ and ‘how’ questions in the analysis of conversational code-switching. In P. Auer (Ed.), Code-switching in conversation (pp. 156–179). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Wei. (2011). Moment analysis and translanguaging space: Discursive construction of identities by multilingual Chinese youth in Britain. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(5), 1222–1235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lüpke, F. (2016). Uncovering small-scale multilingualism. Critical Multilingualism Studies, 4(2), 35–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacSwan, J. (2017). A multilingual perspective on translanguaging. American Educational Research Journal, 54(1), 167–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makoni, S., & Pennycook, A. (2007). Disinventing and reconstituting languages. In S. Makoni & A. Pennycook (Eds.), Disinventing and reconstituting languages (pp. 1–41). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makoni, S., & Pennycook, A. (2012). Disinventing multilingualism: From monological multilingualism to multilingua francas. The Routledge Handbook of Multilingualism. London: Routledge, 439–472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield, J. (2014). Polysynthetic sociolinguistics (Doctoral dissertation). Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved from https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/12687

  • Mansfield, J. (2016). Borrowed verbs and the expansion of light verb phrases in Murrinhpatha. In F. Meakins & C. O’Shannessy (Eds.), Loss and renewal: Australian languages since colonisation (pp. 397–424). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, S. (2016). Linguistic Superdiversity as a “new” theoretical framework: Panacea or nostrum? Presentation at MOSAIC, Birmingham University (3 February 2016). Retrieved from http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/generic/tlang/documents/linguistic-superdiversity-as-a-new-theoretical-framework.pdf

  • McConvell, P. (2002). Mix-Im-up speech and emergent mixed languages in indigenous Australia. Proceedings of SALSA 2001 (symposium on language and society). Texas Linguistic Forum, 44(1), 328–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConvell, P., & Meakins, F. (2005). Gurindji Kriol: A mixed language emerges from code-switching. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 25(1), 9–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKay, G. (2000). Ndjébbana. In R. M. W. Dixon & B. J. Blake (Eds.), The handbook of Australian languages (Vol. 5, pp. 155–354). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meakins, F. (2008). Land, language and identity: The socio-political origins of Gurindji Kriol. In N. Nagy & M. Meyerhoff (Eds.), Social lives in language – Sociolinguistics and multilingual speech communities: Celebrating the work of Gillian Sankoff (pp. 69–94). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Meakins, F. (2011). Case-marking in contact: The development and function of case morphology in Gurindji Kriol. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Meakins, F. (2012). Which mix – Code-switching or a mixed language? – Gurindji Kriol. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 27(1), 105–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meakins, F. (2014). Language contact varieties. In H. Koch & R. Nordlinger (Eds.), The languages and linguistics of Australia: A comprehensive guide (pp. 361–411). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merlan, F. (1981). Land, language and social identity in Aboriginal Australia. Mankind, 13, 133–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moje, E. B., Ciechanowski, K. M., Kramer, K., Ellis, L., Carrillo, R., & Collazo, T. (2004). Working toward third space in content area literacy: An examination of everyday funds of knowledge and discourse. Reading Research Quarterly, 39(1), 38–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muysken, P. (2000). Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Shannessy, C. (2012). The role of codeswitched input to children in the origin of a new mixed language. Linguistics, 50(2), 305–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Shannessy, C. (2015). Typological and social factors influencing a new mixed language, Light Warlpiri. In G. Stell & K. Yakpo (Eds.), Code-switching between structural and sociolinguistic perspectives (pp. 289–304). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otheguy, R., García, O., & Reid, W. (2015). Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named languages: A perspective from linguistics. Applied Linguistics Review, 6(3), 281–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennycook, A. (2010). Language as a local practice. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pennycook, A., & Otsuji, E. (2014a). Metrolingual multitasking and spatial repertoires: ‘Pizza mo two minutes coming’. Journal of SocioLinguistics, 18(2), 161–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennycook, A., & Otsuji, E. (2014b). Market lingos and metrolingua francas. International Multilingual Research Journal, 8(4), 255–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pietikäinen, S., & Kelly-Holmes, H. (2013). Multilingualism and the periphery. In S. Pietikäinen & H. Kelly-Holmes (Eds.), Multilingualism and the periphery (pp. 1–16). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Poplack, S. (2012). What does the nonce borrowing hypothesis hypothesize? Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(3), 644–648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poplack, S., & Meechan, M. (1995). Patterns of language mixture: Nominal structure in Wolof-French and Fongbe-French bilingual discourse. In L. Milroy & P. Muysken (Eds.), One speaker, two languages: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on code-switching (pp. 199–232). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rigsby, B., & Sutton, P. (1980). Speech communities in aboriginal Australia. Anthropological Forum, 5(1), 8–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rumsey, A. (1993). Language and territoriality in Aboriginal Australia. In M. Walsh & C. Yallop (Eds.), Language and culture in Aboriginal Australia (pp. 191–206). Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sankoff, D., & Poplack, S. (1981). A formal grammar for code-switching. Papers in Linguistics, 14, 3–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silverstein, M. (2015). How language communities intersect: Is “superdiversity” an incremental or transformative condition? Language & Communication, 44, 7–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, R., & Harris, S. (2016). What practices and ideologies support small-scale multilingualism? A case study of Warruwi Community, northern Australia. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 241, 163–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soja, E. W. (1996). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined places. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenson, N. (1991). Code-switching vs. borrowing in modern Irish. In P. Sture Ureland & G. Broderick (Eds.), Language contact in the British Isles: Proceedings of the eighth international symposium on language contact in Europe. Douglas, Isle of Man (pp. 559–580). Tübingen: Niemeyer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroud, C. (1992). The problem of intention and meaning in code-switching. Text - Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse, 12(1), 127–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, P. (1991). Language in aboriginal Australia: Social dialects in a geographical idiom. In S. Romaine (Ed.), Language in Australia (pp. 49–66). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Thelen, E., & Smith, L. (1994). A dynamic systems approach to the development of cognition and action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, J. (2018). “We talk in saltwater words”: Dimensionalisation of dialectal variation in multilingual Arnhem Land. In R. Singer & J. Vaughan (Eds.), Indigenous Multilingualism [Special Issue]. Language & Communication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2017.10.002.

  • Vaughan, J., & Carew, M. (2016, September 24–25). ‘New’ code-switching and long-term multilingualism at Maningrida. Paper presented at 8th Australianists in Europe workshop, SOAS, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vertovec, S. (2007). Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(6), 1024–1054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A., & Zorc, R. D. (1981). Austronesian loanwords in Yolngu Matha of Northeast Arnhem land. Aboriginal History, 5(2), 109–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. (1994). Arfarniad o ddulliau dysgu ac addysgu yng nghyd-destun addysg uwchradd ddwyieithog [An evaluation of teaching and learning methods in the context of bilingual secondary education] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Bangor, UK: University of Wales.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wohlgemuth, J. (2009). A typology of verbal borrowing. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, H. E. (2000). Pre-school child multilingualism and its educational implications in the African Context (PRAESA Occasional Papers, No. 4). Cape Town: PRAESA.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Sincere thanks to Maningrida community, and especially to Abigail Carter, Doreen Jinggarrabarra, Cindy Jin-marabynana, Rebecca Baker, Joseph Diddo, Alistair James, Stanley Djalarra Rankin, Mason Scholes and Jessie Webb. Thanks also to Margaret Carew, Felicity Meakins, Ruth Singer, Rebecca Green and Gillian Wigglesworth for their helpful conversations, to two anonymous reviewers for their time and their most constructive insights, and to Gerardo Mazzaferro for initiating this volume. This work has been funded since 2015 by the ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language (C.I. Felicity Meakins, University of Queensland), the Linguistic Complexity in the Individual and Society project (C.I. Terje Lohndal) at the Norwegian University for Science and Technology, and a University of Melbourne Early Career Researcher Grant (C.I. Jill Vaughan).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Jill Vaughan

  2. Research Unit for Indigenous Language, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Jill Vaughan

Authors
  1. Jill Vaughan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jill Vaughan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Foreign Languages, Literatures and Modern Cultures, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Gerardo Mazzaferro

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Vaughan, J. (2018). Translanguaging and Hybrid Spaces: Boundaries and beyond in North Central Arnhem Land. In: Mazzaferro, G. (eds) Translanguaging as Everyday Practice. Multilingual Education, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94851-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94851-5_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94850-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94851-5

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation