Abstract
Improving the performance of peach varieties in the context of climate change requires multiple approaches. Climate change will not only alter plant phenology, but will also drive negative effects of several biotic and abiotic stressors. The challenge is to improve adaptation of peach varieties to a changing environment, while maintaining organoleptic qualities of the fruit.
This chapter focuses on the progress in genomics-assisted breeding in peach by breaking the barriers of conventional breeding. Breeding climate-smart (CS) peach trees requires the identification of traits involved in the adaptation to high levels of temperature, CO2, water deprivation, and biotic stresses. Relevant CS traits, such as those that control flowering time (chilling and heat requirements), biotic and abiotic stress tolerance (pests and diseases; water-nutrient efficiency), require prioritization. Here, we review classical mapping and breeding of peach varieties, the progress and limitations of the use of marker-assisted selection and breeding (MAS and MAB, respectively) in expression of traits, such as fruit quality and stress tolerance, and describe the rationale for the use of molecular breeding. Diversity analysis of Prunus germplasm, genome-wide association, molecular mapping, MAB and genomics-assisted breeding for CS traits are also reviewed. MAS and MAB have previously been considered as the optimal solution to plant breeding in the genomics era of plant biology, but genomic selection currently presents a promising alternative. Genomic selection is a marker-based strategy that accounts for quantitative traits controlled by a large number of genes with small effects as many CS traits are governed. The precise phenotypic assessment and appropriate biometric analysis used to identify genotype responses are also discussed.
The small but active international peach research community has delivered a high quality sequenced and annotated genome, along with several genomic tools, that potentiate each other in a positive feedback. Bioinformatics and computational biology are currently at the forefront of plant breeding programs, and deal with diverse functional genomics datasets of gene expression, metabolomics and stress physiological responses. Taken together, the existing genomic knowledge and tools may be used to confront the challenges of the development of peach varieties adapted to changing climate scenarios.
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21 January 2024
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This study was supported by the Spanish Research Agency [grant AGL2017-83358-R funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”] and the Government of Aragón [grant A09_23R], co-financed with FEDER funds; and the CSIC [grant 2020AEP119] to Y. Gogorcena. N. Kouri was the recipient of a pre-doctoral contract awarded by the Government of Aragon, Spain. To the memory of M. Badenes for her sincere friendship and for sharing her knowledge in peach, who sadly passed away while this chapter was being edited.
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Gogorcena, Y., Sánchez, G., Moreno-Vázquez, S., Pérez, S., Ksouri, N. (2020). Genomic-Based Breeding for Climate-Smart Peach Varieties. In: Kole, C. (eds) Genomic Designing of Climate-Smart Fruit Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97946-5_8
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