The Clinical Features and Diagnostic Guidelines for Identification of Anorectal Malformations

Abstract

The diagnosis of anorectal malformations (ARM), with the exception of anal stenosis, should be made shortly after birth during the routine neonatal examination. The vast majority of lesions will be detected even after the most cursory examination of the perineum. However, rectal atresia in isolation may not be detected until later. In regions of the world where early neonatal review is not practiced, such as sub-Saharan Africa, ARM presents commonly with gross abdominal distension, bowel obstruction, and sepsis on the 4th day of life.