Skip to main content

Atmospheric Degradation of Anthropogenic Molecules

  • Chapter
Environmental Photochemistry

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC2,volume 2 / 2L))

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the atmospheric photochemical degradation of important anthropogenic molecules. Starting with an introduction to atmospheric chemistry, the concept of atmospheric lifetime is presented and the degradation mechanisms of alkanes, aromatics, nitrogen oxides, SO2, chlorofluorocarbons, halons, hydrofluorocarbons, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are discussed. Areas of uncertainty are highlighted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Francisco JS, Goldstein AN, Li Z, Zhao Y (1990) J Phys Chem 94:4791.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tromp TK, Ko MKW, Rodriguez JM, Sze ND (1995) Nature 376:327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Standard Atmosphere NOAA NASA USAF Washington DC 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wallington TJ, Nielsen OJ (1997) Peroxy Radicals and the Atmosphere. In: Alfassi Z (ed) Peroxy Radicals. John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ravishankara AR, Lovejoy ERJ (1994) Chem Soc Faraday Trans 90:2159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dorn H-P, Brandenburger U, Brauers T, Ehhalt DH (1996) Geophys Res Lett 23:2537.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hofzumahaus A, Aschmutat U, Heßling M, Holland F, Ehhalt DH (1996) Geophys Res Lett 23:2541.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Atkinson R (1997) J Phys Chem Ref Data 26:215.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Crutzen PJ (1995) Ozone in the Troposphere chapter. In: Singh HB (ed) Composition Chemistry and Climate of the Atmosphere. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Platt U, Perner D, Winer AM, Pitts JN Jr (1980) Geophys Res Lett 7:89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cantrell CA, Stockwell WR, Anderson LG, Busarow KL, Perner D, Schmeltekopf A, Calvert JG, Johnston HS (1985) J Phys Chem 89:139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Platt U, LeBras G, Burrows JP, Moortgat G Nature (1990) 348:147.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wayne RP, Barnes I, Biggs P, Burrows JP, Canosa-Mas CE, Hjorth J, LeBras G, Moortgat GK, Perner D, Poulet G, Restelli G, Sidebottom H (1991) Atmos Environ 25A:1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Becker E, Rahman MM, Schindler RN (1992) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 96:776.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Atkinson R (1994) J Phys Chem Ref Data Monograph 2.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wayne RP (1991) Chemistry of Atmospheres, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (1995) The Science of Climate Change Cambridge. University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Siegenthaler U, Joos F (1992) Tellus 44B:186.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Joos F, Bruno M, Fink R, Siegenthaler U, Stocker T, Le Quéré C, Sarmiento JL (1996) Tellus 48B:397.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Prinn RG, Weiss RF, Miller BR, Huang J, Alyea FN, Cunnold DM, Fraser PJ, Hartley DE, Simmonds PG (1995) Science 269:187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. DeMore WB, Sander SP, Golden DM, Hampson RF, Kurylo MJ, Howard CJ, Ravishankara AR, Kolb CE, Molina MJ (1994) JPL Publication 94-26.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Prather M, Spivakovsky CM (1990) J Geophys Res 95:18723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Atkinson R, Baulch DL, Cox RA, Hampson RF, Kerr JA, Troe J (1992) J Phys Chem Ref Data 21:1125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Atkinson R (1989) J Phys Chem Ref Data Monograph No 1.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Graedel TE, Hawkins D, Claxton LD (1986) Atmospheric Chemical Compounds Academic Press New York.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Madronich S, Calvert JG (1990) J Geophys Res 95:5697.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wallington TJ, Japar SM (1990) Chem Phys Lett 167:513.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wallington TJ, Japar SM (1990) Chem Phys Lett 166:495.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wallington TJ, Hurley MD, Schneider WF, Sehested J, Nielsen OJ (1994) Chem Phys Lett 218:34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wallington TJ, Hurley MD, Schneider WF (1996) Chem Phys Lett 251:164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Burrows JP, Moortgat GK, Tyndall GS, Cox RA, Jenkin ME, Hayman GD, Veyret B (1989) J Phys Chem 93:2375.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wallington TJ, Hurley MD, Ball JC, Jenkin ME (1993) Chem Phys Lett 211:41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Lightfoot PD, Cox RA, Crowley JN, Destriau M, Hayman GD, Jenkin KE, Moortgat GK, Zabel F (1992) Atmos Environ 26 A:1805.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Crutzen PJ (1979) Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 7:443.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Singh HB, Hanst PL (1981) J Geophys Res 8:941.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Roberts JM (1995) Reactive odd-Nitrogen (NOy) in the Atmosphere. In: Singh HB (ed) Composition Chemistry and Climate of the Atmosphere. Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Altshuller AP (1993) J Air Waste Manag Assoc 43:1221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Atkinson R, Aschmann SM, Carter WPL, Winer AM, Pitts JN Jr (1982) J Phys Chem 86:4563.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Pate CT, Finlayson BJ, Pitts JN Jr (1974) J Am Chem Soc 96:6554.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Becker KH, Geiger H, Wiesen P (1991) Chem Phys Lett 184:256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Jeffries HE (1995) Photochemical Air Pollution. In: Singh HB (ed) Composition Chemistry and Climate of the Atmosphere. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Chang TY, Chock DP, Hammerle RH, Japar SM, Salmeen IT (1992) Critical Rev Environ Cont 22:27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Carter WPL, Atkinson R (1989) Environ Sci Tech 23:864.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Derwent RG, Jenkin ME (1991) Atmos Environ 25A:1661.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Simpson DJ (1995) Atmos Chem 20:163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Derwent RG, Jenkin ME, Saunders SM (1996) Atmos Environ 30:181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Niki H, Maker PD, Savage CM, Breitenbach LP (1981) Chem Phys Lett 80:499.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Niki H, Savage CM, Breitenbach LPJ (1978) Phys Chem 82:135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Atkinson R, Tuazon EC, Carter WPL (1985) Int J Chem Kinet 17:725.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Niki H, Maker PD, Savage CM, Breitenbach LP, Hurley MD (1987) J Phys Chem 91:941.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Berndt T, Böge O (1994) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 98:869.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Berndt T, Böge O (1995) J Atmos Chem 21:275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wallington TJ, Dagaut P, Kurylo MJ (1992) Chem Rev 92:667.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Atkinson R, Arey J (1994) Environ Health Perspect 102 Supplement 4117.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Devolder P, Sawerysyn JP, Fittschein C, Goumri A, Elmaimouni L, Bigan B, Bourbon C (1997) In: Le Bras G (ed) Chemical Processes in Atmospheric Oxidation, LACTOZ report. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 100.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  56. Nozière B, Lesclaux R, Hurley MD, Dearth MA, Wallington TJ (1994) J Phys Chem 98:2864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Zellner R, Fritz B, Preidel M (1985) Chem Phys Lett 121:412.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Knispel R, Koch R, Siese M, Zetzsch C (1990) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 94:1375.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Crutzen PJ, Andreae MO (1990) Science 250:1669.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Leighton P (1961) Photochemistry of Air Pollution Academic Press New York.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Cantrell CA, Lind JA, Shetter RE, Calvert JG, Goldan PD, Küster W, Fehsenfeid FC, Montzka SA, Parrish DD, Williams EJ, Buhr MP, Westberg HH, Allwine G, Martin R (1992) J Geophys Res 97:20671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Parrish DD, Trainer M, Williams EJ, Fahey DW, Hübler G, Eubank CS, Liu SC, Murphy PC, Albritton DL, Fehsenfeid FC (1986) J Geophys Res 91:5361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Ando J (1994) In: Calvert JG (ed) The Chemistry of the Atmosphere: Its Impacts on Global Change. Blackwell Scientific Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Eriksson EJ (1963) Geophys Res 68:4001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Granat 1, Rohde H, Halberg RO (1976) Ecol Bull SCOPE Report 7,22:89.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Wine PH, Thompson RJ, Ravishankara AR, Semmes DH, Gump CA, Torabi A, Nicovich JM (1984) J Phys Chem 88:2095.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Martin LR, Damschen DE (1981) Atmos Environ 15:1615.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Charlson RJ, Langner J, Rodhe H, Leovy CB, Warren SG (1991) Tellus 43 B:152.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Gallagher MW, Downer RM, Chourlarton TW, Gay MJ, Stromber I, Mills CS, Radojevic M, Tyler BJ, Bandy BJ, Penkett SA, Davis TJ, Dollard GJ, Jones BMR (1991) Atmos Environ 25 A:2029.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Lovelock JE, Maggs RJ, Wade RJ (1973) Nature 241:194.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Molina M, Rowland FS (1974) Nature 249:810.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. World Meteorological Organization (1989) Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No 20, Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone Vol 1.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Wallington TJ, Schneider WF, Worsnop DR, Nielsen OJ, Sehested J, DeBruyn WJ, Shorter JA (1994) Environ Sci Tech 28:320 A.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Francisco JS, Maricq MM (1995) Atmospheric Chemistry of alternative halocarbons. In: Neckers DC, Volman DH, Bünau C von (edS) Advances in Photochemistry, Vol 20. John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Weubbles DJ (1983) J Geophys Res 88:1433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Weubbles DJ, Connell PS, Patten KO (1995) Evaluating the potential effects of Halon replacements on the global environment. In: Miziolek AW, Tsang W (eds) Halon Replacements: Technology and Science Americian Chemical Society.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Pinnock S, Shine KP, Smyth TJ, Hurley MD, Wallington TJ (1995) J Geophys Res 100:23227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Maricq MM, Szente JJ, Hurley MD, Wallington TJ (1994) J Phys Chem 98:8962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Wallington TJ, Hurley MD, Fracheboud JM, Orlando JJ, Tyndall GS, Sehested J, Møgelberg TE (1996) J Phys Chem 100:18116.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Nölle A, Heydtmann H, Meller R, Schneider W, Moortgat GK (1992) Geophys Res Lett 19:281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Wallington TJ, Schneider WF, Szente JJ, Maricq MM, Sehested J, Nielsen OJ (1995) J Phys Chem 99:984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Schneider WF, Wallington TJ (1993) J Phys Chem 97:12783.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Schneider WF, Wallington TJ, Minschwaner K, Stahlberg EA (1995) Environ Sci Tech 29:247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Molina LT, Molina M (1996) J Geophys Res Lett 23:563.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Wallington TJ, Schneider WF (1994) Environ Sci Tech 28:1198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Lovejoy ER, Huey LG, Hanson DR (1995) J Geophys Res 100:18775.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Biggs P, Canosa-Mas CE, Shallcross DE, Wayne RP, Kelly C, Sidebottom HW (1993) Proceedings of the STEP-HALOCSIDE/AFEAS Workshop University College Dublin Ireland, March, page 177.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Nielsen OJ, Sehested J (1993) Chem Phys Lett 213:433.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Wallington TJ, Hurley MD, Schneider WF (1993) Chem Phys Lett 213:442.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Maricq MM, Szente JJ (1993) Chem Phys Lett 213:449.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Fockenberg C, Saathoff H, Zellner R (1994) Chem Phys Lett 218:21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Ravishankara AR, Turnipseed AA, Jensen NR, Barone S, Mills M, Howard CJ, Solomon S (1994) Science 263:71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. DeBruyn W, Duan SX, Shi XQ, Davidovits P, Worsnop DR, Zahniser MS, Kolb CE (1992) Geophys Res Lett 19:1939.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Wallington TJ, Hurley MD (1993) Environ Sci Tech 27:1448.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Scollard DJ, Treacy JJ, Sidebottom HW, Balestra-Garcia C, Laverdet G, LeBras G, MacLeod H, Téton S (1993) J Phys Chem 97:4683.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Rattigan OV, Wild O, JonesR L, Cox AR (1993) J Photochem Photobiol A: Chemistry 73:1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Zabel F, Kirchner F, Becker KH (1994) Int J Chem Kinet 26:827.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wallington TJ, Sehested J, Nielsen OJ (1994) Chem Phys Lett 226:563.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Wine PH, Chameides WL (1989) World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No 20, Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone Vol l, p 271–295.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Hayman GD, Derwent RG (1997) Environ Sci Tech 31:327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Schwartz J, Dockery DW, Neas LM (1996) J Air Waste Manage Assoc 46:927.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Odum JR, Jungkamp TPW, Griffin RJ, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH (1997) Science 276:96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (1994) Radiative Forcing of Climate Change. Cambridge Univ Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Solomon S, Burkholder JB, Ravishankara AR, Garcia RR (1994) J Geophys Res 99:20929.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Pitts JN Jr (1986) Atmospheric Chemistry: Fundamentals and Experimental Techniques. John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wallington, T.J., Nielsen, O.J. (1999). Atmospheric Degradation of Anthropogenic Molecules. In: Boule, P. (eds) Environmental Photochemistry. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 2 / 2L. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69044-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69044-3_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-14735-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69044-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics